# NTSB LAX05LA002: Classic Waco YMF, N43064, Sedona, AZ, October 2, 2004 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: October 2, 2004, 10:25 local (17:25 UTC) - Place: Sedona, AZ - Coordinates: 34.852222, -111.795555 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.8522&lon=-111.7956&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 28, 2006 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 60277 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX05LA002 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/60277/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX05LA002 ## Probable cause a loss of engine power due to the fatigue fracture of the number 7 cylinder exhaust rocker arm as a result of a grinding operation during manufacture. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(partial) - mech failure/malf, cruise - normal - engine assembly,rocker arm/tappet - fatigue (cause) - procedure inadequate, manufacturer (cause) - engine assembly,rocker arm/tappet - fractured (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - On ground/water collision with object, emergency landing - object - vehicle ## Analysis The engine lost partial power during flight, and the airplane collided with a vehicle during a forced landing on a road. The pilot was performing a local for hire sightseeing flight for two passengers. Approximately 15 minutes into the flight, a loud "popping" noise was heard coming from the engine. The pilot was unable to maintain altitude and force landed on a city street. During the landing roll, the right wing impacted a car on the road. Post accident examination of the engine revealed that the number 7 cylinder exhaust valve rocker arm had failed in fatigue. The surface fracture initiation marks were consistent with a grinding operation during manufacture. The grinding operation is performed to remove any flash remaining at the mold parting line, after the casting operation, and is normally carried out by holding the part by hand and guiding it on a large grinding wheel. ## Factual narrative On October 2, 2004, at 1025 mountain standard time, a Classic Aircraft Corporation WACO YMF biplane, N43064, lost engine power and collided with a vehicle during a forced landing on a city street in Sedona, Arizona. Solid Edge Aviation, d.b.a. Red Rock Biplane Tours/Safari Air Tours, was operating the for hire sightseeing flight under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91. The airline transport pilot and two passengers were not injured; the airplane sustained substantial damage. The airplane departed from the Sedona Airport about 1000 for the local area sightseeing flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed. According to the pilot, the tour was to be 30 minutes in duration. After approximately 10 minutes, the pilot heard a loud backfire and the airplane would not maintain altitude. The pilot glided down to a city street and prepared for landing. During the landing roll, the right wing struck a vehicle. The airplane was equipped with an onboard video recording system that was used to provide customers with a video record of their sightseeing flight. The video was sent to the National Transportation Safety Board Vehicle Recorder Division for review. Two cameras were mounted under the left wing. One was facing rearward with a view of the passengers, and the other camera had a view straight ahead of the airplane. One camera view was recorded at one time, and the video switched between the views approximately every 12 seconds. Audio was recorded through the airplane's intercom system. Approximately 15 minutes into the video recording, the engine made "popping" sounds. The pilot's narration of the flight ends mid-sentence and his voice was not heard for the remainder of the flight. The pilot proceeded toward a town [Sedona] and prepared for landing on a four-lane road with traffic. The engine continued "popping" as the airplane touched down. During the landing roll, the airplane appeared to strike an object, turned 90 degrees to the right, and then came to a full stop. Post accident examination of the airplane's engine revealed that the number 7 cylinder exhaust valve rocker arm was fractured. The rocker arm was sent to the Safety board Materials Laboratory for further examination. The rocker is constructed of a boss, which contains a bearing into which a rocker shaft is inserted, into two arms. One arm, identified as the pushrod arm, has a spherical seat into which the matching end of a pushrod is located, and the other arm, identified as the valve arm, has a roller that contacts the stem portion of the valve. The fracture was inboard of the pushrod arm portion where it connects to the rocker boss. Examination of the pushrod arm and boss portion displayed crack arrest marks of fatigue that matched each other. The metallurgist determined that the fracture surface marks were consistent with a grinding operation used to remove extra material (commonly referred to as flash) that can occur at the mold parting line. The mold parting line is the centerline of a part that is uniform on both sides of it. The full metallurgical report is included in the docket. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N43064](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N43064), registered now, S/N F5C-062, built 1994 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Classic Aircraft Corp WACO YMF - Registry model: [Classic WACO YMF](https://openairdocs.org/model/classic-waco-ymf) (registry code 2240101) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Jacobs R755B series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/jacobs-r755b-series) (registry code 35007, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: FS-062 - Airframe hours: 2985 - Engines: Jacobs R755-B2M 205 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Other work use, Part 91 - Operator: Solid Edge Aviation dba Red Rock Biplane Tours - Registered owner: Dakota Territory Tours - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, September 1, 2004, 50 hours before - Departed: SEZ, Sedona, AZ ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 51; injuries: none; airline transport, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review December 1, 2003; seat: rear; flight hours: 3,500 total, 1,300 in this make and model, 3,300 as pilot in command ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: variable at 3 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 72 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 30.27 inHg - Observed at: PRC, 32 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20041002027249A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20041002027249A), Oct 2, 2004: Amtr WACOYMF, Sedona, AZ, Substantial damage. (-23) The pilot was cruising @ 6800 ft (MSL), 800 ft (AGL) in the local Sedona, AZ area. The pilot heard a very loud "bang" from the engine followed by an… ## Other investigations on N43064 (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB LAX98LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA165), May 19, 1998: Waco YMF (N43064), Sedona, AZ, minor damage. Probable cause: The failure of the pilot to secure the ignition system and magnetos in the off position before asking the ground crewman to rotate the propeller. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.