# NTSB LAX83LA175: Enstrom F-28C, N595H, Chino, CA, March 31, 1983

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report
- Date: March 31, 1983, 15:17 local (23:17 UTC)
- Place: Chino, CA
- Coordinates: 33.999359, -117.679832 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.9994&lon=-117.6798&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 1 uninjured
- Status: Completed
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 23665
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX83LA175
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/23665/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX83LA175

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown
  - precautionary landing - simulated, pilot in command (contributing factor)
  - flare - improper, pilot in command (cause)

## Analysis

THE RATED AIRPLANE PLT WAS ENDORSED FOR LOCAL SOLO FLTS IN THE HELICOPTER & WAS PRACTICING AUTOROTATIVE LANDINGS. HE STATED THAT DURING A LANDING, HE FLARED LATE & ALLOWED THE TAIL & TAIL ROTOR TO IMPACT THE RWY.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N595H](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N595H-2017-06-08), registration cancelled 2017-06-08, S/N 372 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: ENSTROM F-28C
- Registry model: [Enstrom F-28C](https://openairdocs.org/model/enstrom-f-28c) (registry code 3300407) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Helicopter
- Serial number: 372
- Airframe hours: 1960
- Engines: LYCOMING HIO-360-E1AD 205 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Operator: Raymond Eagle Salvage
- Registered owner: Golden Eagle Salvage
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: Annual, December 10, 1982, 40 hours before
- Airport: CNO, Chino, runway 21, 6,200 × 150 ft, asphalt

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 36; private; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 624 total, 46 in this make and model, 526 as pilot in command, 46 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 230° at 12 knots
- Visibility: 4 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none
- Temperature: 70 °F
- Altimeter: 29.00 inHg
- Observed at: CNO

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19830331010559A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19830331010559A), Mar 31, 1983: Enstrm F28C, Chino, CA, Substantial damage. Student helicopter pilot flared too late on practice autorotation landing. Tail rotor struck the ground.

## Other investigations on N595H (4)

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

- [NTSB MIA05CA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA05CA030), Nov 17, 2004: Enstrom F-28C (N595H), Panama City Bch, FL, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's improper refueling of the helicopter resulting in loss of engine power do to fuel exhaustion and damage to the helicopter during the subsequent hard forced landing.
- [NTSB LAX99LA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA226), Jun 23, 1999: Enstrom F28C (N595H), Kaunakakai, HI, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot encountered a dust devil during the takeoff transition from a dirt and grass area resulting in a loss of vision, disorientation, and subsequent collision with trees.
- [NTSB LAX92LA362](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA362), Aug 20, 1992: Enstrom F28C (N595H), Irwindale, CA, substantial damage. Probable cause: THE PILOT'S MISJUDGMENT OF THE LANDING FLARE DURING A PRACTICE AUTOROTATION.
- [NTSB OAK77FJA13](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/OAK77FJA13), Aug 4, 1977: Enstrom F28C (N595H), Honolulu, HI, substantial damage

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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