# NTSB LAX91LA296: Cessna 172M, N9598H, Minden, NV, July 8, 1991

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report
- Date: July 8, 1991, 08:20 local (15:20 UTC)
- Place: Minden, NV
- Coordinates: 39.010353, -119.749168 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.0104&lon=-119.7492&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: Minor injuries
- Injuries: 2 minor
- Status: Completed, report March 24, 1993
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 27277
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX91LA296
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/27277/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA296

## Probable cause

THE FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR'S INADEQUATE SUPERVISION OF THE STUDENT PILOT DURING A SIMULATED EMERGENCY.

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Loss of control - in flight, takeoff - initial climb
  - airspeed - not maintained, dual student (contributing factor)
  - supervision - inadequate, pilot in command(cfi) (cause)
- Hard landing, descent - uncontrolled
  - flare - improper, pilot in command(cfi) (cause)
- Loss of control - on ground/water, landing - roll
- On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, landing - roll
  - terrain condition - ditch

## Analysis

DURING A SIMULATED SOFT FIELD, OBSTACLE CLEARANCE TAKEOFF AT ABOUT 60 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND, THE FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR GAVE HIS STUDENT A SIMULATED FORCED LANDING.  AT ABOUT 20 FEET ABOVE THE RUNWAY DURING THE SIMULATED FORCED LANDING GLIDE, THE INSTRUCTOR NOTED A HIGH SINK RATE AND TOOK THE AIRCRAFT CONTROLS.  THE AIRCRAFT LANDED HARD; BOUNCED BACK IN THE AIR; AND LANDED HARD AGAIN. DURING THE SECOND CONTACT, THE RIGHT WING CONTACTED THE RUNWAY CAUSING THE AIRCRAFT TO TURN RIGHT BY ABOUT 45 DEGREES.  THE INSTRUCTOR, NOTING THAT HIS AIRCRAFT WAS TRAVELING TOWARD SOME AIRCRAFT PARKED TO HIS FRONT, MANEUVERED THE AIRCRAFT OFF THE RUNWAY TO AVOID A COLLISION. ABOUT 100 FEET AFTER DEPARTING THE RUNWAY, THE AIRCRAFT HIT A DITCH AND CAME TO A STOP.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N9598H](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N9598H), registered now, S/N 17266256, built 1975 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 172M
- Registry model: [Cessna 172M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172m) (registry code 2072418) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming O-360-A4M](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-o-360-a4m) (registry code 42276, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 17266256
- Engines: LYCOMING O-320-E2D 150 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Operator: Plane Fun Flight School
- Last inspection: Unknown, January 2, 2000
- Departed: 004, CARSON CITY, NV
- Airport: MEV, Douglas County, runway 34, 7,400 × 100 ft, asphalt

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 35; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; flight hours: 533 total, 198 in this make and model, 464 as pilot in command, 101 in the last 90 days, 79 in the last 30 days, 8 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Visibility: 50 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19910708026559A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19910708026559A), Jul 8, 1991: Cessna 172M, Minden, NV, Substantial damage. CFI closed throttle on nose high,soft field takeoff. Stalled,hit runway. CFI took over. Left runway,struck a ditch.

## Other investigations on N9598H (1)

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

- [NTSB SEA89LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA89LA152), Jul 29, 1989: Cessna 172M (N9598H), Carson City, NV, substantial damage. Probable cause: THE STUDENT PILOT'S IMPROPER COMPENSATION FOR WIND CONDITIONS, AND IMPROPER RECOVERY FROM A BOUNCED LANDING. FACTORS RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: THE ADVERSE WIND CONDITION AND THE STUDENT'S LACK OF…

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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