# NTSB LAX94FA138: Cessna 150L, N10998, San Jacinto, CA, February 24, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: February 24, 1994, 12:27 local (20:27 UTC) - Place: San Jacinto, CA - Location: 33.7989° N, 116.9959° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs: center of San Jacinto, CA, within about 6 miles (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.7989&lon=-116.9959&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed, report June 1, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 28518 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX94FA138 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/28518/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94FA138 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S IMPAIRMENT OF JUDGMENT AND PERFORMANCE DUE TO ALCOHOL AND DRUGS, WHICH LED TO HIS IMPROPER PLANNING/DECISION, AND HIS FAILURE TO MAINTAIN ALTITUDE/CLEARANCE FROM MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN, WHILE MANEUVERING AT LOW ALTITUDE. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight collision with terrain/water, maneuvering - planning/decision - improper, pilot in command (cause) - impairment(drugs), pilot in command (cause) - impairment(alcohol), pilot in command (cause) - maneuver - initiated, pilot in command - terrain condition - mountainous/hilly - altitude/clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis AFTER DEPARTING THE AIRPORT, THE PILOT CIRCLED THE PASSENGER'S HOUSE, THEN FLEW TOWARD MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN. A WITNESS (PASSENGER'S WIFE) SAID THAT WHEN THE AIRPLANE WAS OVER THE MOUNTAINS, SHE HEARD A NOISE & SAW THE PLANE PITCH DOWN & CRASH. IMPACT OCCURRED NEAR THE TOP OF A RIDGE AT AN ELEVATION OF ABOUT 2400' MSL. THE AIRPLANE WAS DESTROYED DUE TO EXTENSIVE IMPACT DAMAGE. NO PREEXISTING MALFUNCTION OR FAILURE OF THE AIRFRAME OR ENGINE WAS FOUND. THE RPM GAUGE WAS SEIZED AT 2400 RPM. THE PROPELLER BLADES EXHIBITED LEADING EDGE GOUGING, CHORDWISE SCUFFING & EXTENSIVE 'S' TWISTING. TESTING OF THE PILOT'S BLOOD SHOWED 0.003 UG/ML TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (MARIJUANA), 0.013 UG/ML TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL CARBOXYLIC ACID (MARIJUANA), 9.617 UG/ML BUTALBITAL, 0.342 UG/ML DIAZEPAM, 0.302 UG/ML NORDIAZEPAM, & 21 MG/DL (0.021%) ETHANOL. TESTS OF HIS URINE SHOWED 0.808 UG/ML TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL CARBOXYLIC ACID & 51 MG/DL (0.051%) ETHANOL. ## Factual narrative History of the Flight On February 24, 1994, at 1227 hours Pacific standard time, a Cessna 150L, N10998, collided about 50 feet beneath a mountain crest near San Jacinto, California. The pilot was conducting a local visual flight rules personal flight. The airplane, operated by Hemet-Ryan Aviation, Inc., (herein referred to as the operator), Hemet, California, was destroyed. There was no postimpact fire. The certificated private pilot and passenger sustained fatal injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. The flight originated at Hemet-Ryan Airport (HMT), Hemet, California, at 1209 hours. The operator told National Transportation Safety Board investigators that the pilot rented the airplane for a 1-hour local flight at 1140 hours. The flight's departure time was obtained from the operator's invoice/airplane rental agreement that showed the flight departed at a tachometer hourmeter reading of 3,927.3 hours. The tachometer hourmeter reading at the accident site was 3,927.6 hours. Mr. Jared Weaver, Principal Operations Inspector, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Riverside [California] Flight Standards District Office, reported that the Riverside County Coroner's deputy interviewed the passenger's wife. She told the deputy that the airplane circled over her house, located about 5 miles from the crash site. The airplane then flew toward the crash site area. When the airplane was over the mountains, she heard a loud noise and saw the airplane pitch downward and crash. The airplane wreckage was at 33 degrees, 47.13 minutes north latitude and 116 degrees, 56.54 minutes west longitude. Crew Information The pilot, Kurt John Olson, held a private pilot certificate with an airplane single-engine land rating. He also held a third- class medical certificate issued by a designated airman medical examiner on January 18, 1993. Safety Board investigators recovered the pilot's flight hours logbook. The flight hours reflected on page 3 of this report were derived from the logbook and include the accident flight. The last entry on the logbook was dated January 7, 1994. FAA records and the pilot's logbook revealed that the pilot received his pilot certificate on October 6, 1993, and that he had failed the initial private pilot flight test on September 21, 1993. A designated pilot examiner administered both flight tests. The logbook examination revealed that the pilot accrued 94.8 hours, of which 22.6 hours were as pilot-in-command. The pilot accrued 64.2 hours in Cessna 150 airplanes and 13.6 hours in Cessna 152 airplanes. During the 90 days preceding the accident, the pilot had accrued 2.8 hours (2.5 hours before departing on the accident flight) and had made 14 landings. According to the operator's pilot records and the pilot's flight hours logbook, the pilot began his flight training on August 9, 1992. The pilot received all of his flight training from the operator. Aircraft Information The airplane was registered to D&L Aircraft Acquisitions, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware. The principals of D&L Aircraft Acquisitions, Inc., operate a fixed base operation at French Valley Airport, Rancho California, and leased the airplane to the operator. Safety Board investigators obtained the aircraft maintenance records from the operator. The records' examination showed that the operator did the last annual inspection on September 30, 1993; the airplane accrued 3,750 hours at the time of the inspection. The operator did the last 100-hour inspection on January 2, 1994; the airplane accrued 3,850 hours at the time of the inspection. The airplane had accrued 3,927.6 hours at the time of the accident. The operator did the engine annual/100-hour inspections on the dates noted above. Peninsula Aviation Company, Torrance, California, overhauled the engine on June 26, 1986. The engine had accrued 2,529 hours when it was overhauled. At the time of the accident, the engine accrued 1,398.6 hours since it was overhauled. The required transponder check was complied with on January 7, 1994. The maintenance records examination disclosed no deferred airframe or engine maintenance items. The airplane was maintained according to current applicable federal air regulations. Safety Board investigators calculated the following weight and balance data: Item Weight Arm Moment (Pounds) Empty Weight 1111.60 36222.8 Oil 11.25 -100.0 Fuel 135.00 5700.0 Pilot 175.00 39.0 6825.0 Passenger 218.00 39.0 8502.0 Maximum Ramp Weight 1650.85 57149.8 Less Taxi Fuel -3.60 -50.0 Max Gross Takeoff Wgt 1647.25 34.7 57099.8 Less Fuel for flight 7.74 -1590.0 Gross Weight @ Accident 1639.51 37.1 55509.8 According to the Cessna 150L Owner's Manual, the maximum allowable gross takeoff weight is 1,600 pounds with a maximum moment/arm of 60,000 inch/lbs. The Cessna 150L Owner's Manual does not provide any data for the center of gravity limits for weights above 1,600 pounds. The center of gravity limits at 1,600 pounds are 52,500 inch/pounds (32.8 inches aft of the reference datum line) and 60,000 inch/pounds (37.1 inches aft of the reference datum line). Meteorological Information The are no official weather observation facilities at the accident site. The weather data shown on page 4 of this report were obtained from the responding crash/rescue personnel. March Air Force Base, located about 25 miles southwest of the accident site, is the closest official weather observation facility. The reported 1155 hours surface weather observation was: Clear skies, visibility - 30 miles; temperature - 68 degrees Fahrenheit; dew point - 30 degrees Fahrenheit; surface winds - 280 degrees at 2 knots. The reported 1255 hours surface weather observation was: Clear skies, visibility - 30 miles; temperature - 69 degrees Fahrenheit; dew point - 31 degrees Fahrenheit; surface winds - 320 degrees at 3 knots. Wreckage and Impact Information The crash site is located on the western slope of a mountain range and its elevation is 2,400 feet mean sea level [all altitudes noted in this report are mean sea level altitudes (msl) unless otherwise indicated]. The terrain slopes downward about 60 degrees. The top of the ridge line is 2,450 feet. The end of the downward slope opens into a flat open valley. Safety Board investigators did not find any ground scars; the airplane was found facing 300 degrees (all headings/bearings noted in this report are oriented toward magnetic north) laying on its right side. All of the airplane's major components and flight control surfaces were found at the main impact area. The flight controls remained attached at their respective attach points. The flight control cables separated from their respective operating mechanisms. Both wings remained attached at their respective forward carry- through spar. The right wing's leading edge was found folded on the underside of the wing and its outer panel exhibited a 12-inch diameter concave impact signature. The left wing exhibited 45- degree diagonal cross-chord marks and its inboard section was crushed toward the fuselage. The right wing navigation light filaments were broken; the left wing navigation light bulb was intact and its filament was not stretched. Both wing flaps were found in the retracted position. The flap actuator jackscrew was found retracted. According to the Cessna Aircraft Company representative, the retracted jackscrew corresponds to a flap retracted position. Both wing fuel tanks were ruptured and did not contain any fuel. According ## Aircraft - Registration: [N10998](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N10998-1997-05-01), registration cancelled 1997-05-01, S/N 15075191 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 150L - Registry model: [Cessna 150L](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-150l) (registry code 2071826) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15075191 - Airframe hours: 3928 - Engines: CONTINENTAL O-200-A 100 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Hemet-Ryan Aviation, Inc. - Registered owner: D&L Aircraft Acquisitions, Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, January 2, 1994, 78 hours before - Departed: HMT, HEMET, CA ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 32; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 95 total, 64 in this make and model, 37 as pilot in command, 3 in the last 90 days, 1 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 30 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 75 °F ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940224002869A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940224002869A), Feb 24, 1994: Cessna 150L, San Jacinto, CA, Destroyed, 2 fatal. Struck mountainside near summit. Tested positive for alcohol and marijuana. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.