# NTSB LAX94LA121: Grumman AA-1A, N9614U, Bishop, CA, February 12, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: February 11, 1994, 17:40 local (Feb 12, 1994, 01:40 UTC) - Place: Bishop, CA - Coordinates: 37.49987, -118.310928 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.4999&lon=-118.3109&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 14, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 28661 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX94LA121 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/28661/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA121 ## Probable cause fuel exhaustion due to the pilot's inadequate preflight planning and en route fuel consumption monitoring. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, cruise - normal - fluid,fuel - exhaustion (cause) - preflight planning/preparation - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - fuel consumption calculations - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - Nose over, landing - roll - terrain condition - soft ## Analysis THE PILOT SAID HE DEPARTED AT 1455 WITH FULL FUEL, AND WITH THE LEFT TANK SELECTED. AT 1610 HOURS, HE SWITCHED TO THE RIGHT FUEL TANK WHEN THE GAUGE FOR THE LEFT INDICATED ONE-QUARTER. ONE HOUR 10 MINUTES LATER, THE PILOT SWITCHED BACK TO THE LEFT FUEL TANK AND THE ENGINE QUIT. THE PILOT TURNED ON THE ELECTRIC BOOST PUMP AND SWITCHED BACK TO THE RIGHT TANK; THE ENGINE RAN FOR A FEW MINUTES, THEN QUIT AGAIN. THE PILOT TURNED TOWARD AN AIRPORT 12 MILES AWAY, BUT THE AIRCRAFT HAD INSUFFICIENT ALTITUDE TO REACH THE AIRPORT AND THE PILOT LANDED IN A FIELD. THE AIRCRAFT ENCOUNTERED SOFT SOIL AND NOSED OVER. NO FUEL WAS FOUND IN THE AIRCRAFT TANKS. THE SOIL BENEATH THE AIRCRAFT WAS EXAMINED, WITH NO ODOR OF FUEL EVIDENT. THE FUEL SYSTEM WAS EXAMINED BY A MECHANIC WITH NO SYSTEM DISCREPANCIES NOTED. NO FUEL WAS FOUND IN THE FUEL LINES FROM THE WING ROOT TO THE FUEL SELECTOR, AND ONLY RESIDUAL FUEL WAS NOTED IN THE FUEL LINE FROM THE SELECTOR VALVE TO THE ELECTRIC BOOST PUMP. ## Factual narrative On February 11, 1994, at 1740 Pacific standard time, a Grumman AA-1A, N9614U, lost engine power while in cruise and nosed over in soft soil near Bishop, California, during a forced landing in a field. The aircraft was owned and operated by the pilot. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for the operation. The aircraft incurred substantial damage. The certificated private pilot and his one passenger were not injured. The flight originated at Santa Monica, California, on the day of the mishap at 1455 as a cross- country personal flight to Mammoth Lakes, California. In his written report, the pilot stated that he departed with full fuel, and on the left fuel tank. At 1610 hours, the pilot switched to the right fuel tank when the gauge for the left indicated approximately one-quarter. The pilot overflew Bishop at about 1720 hours climbing from an en route cruise altitude of 7,500 feet to 9,500 feet for mountainous terrain. Shortly thereafter, the pilot switched back to the left fuel tank and the engine quit. The pilot said he immediately turned on the electric boost pump and switched back to the right tank; the engine ran for a few minutes, then quit again. The pilot was unable to obtain an engine restart thereafter. The pilot reported that at the time the engine problem began, he turned around and headed for the Bishop airport, which was at an estimated distance of 12 miles. The aircraft had insufficient altitude to reach the airport and the pilot landed in a field. The aircraft encountered soft soil and nosed over. The aircraft retrieval firm which recovered the aircraft reported that no fuel was found in the aircraft tanks. The soil beneath the aircraft was examined, with no odor of fuel evident. After recovery of the aircraft, the fuel system was examined by a mechanic at the wreckage storage facility. Both the engine driven and electric boost pumps were found to function normally. No obstructions were noted in either the fuel selector or system lines. No fuel was found in the fuel lines from the wing root to the fuel selector, and only residual fuel was noted in the fuel line from the selector valve to the electric boost pump. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N9614U](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N9614U-2013-08-21), registration cancelled 2013-08-21, S/N AA1C0072, built 1977 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: GRUMMAN AA-1A - Registry model: [Grumman American Avn. AA-1C](https://openairdocs.org/model/grumman-american-avn-aa-1c) (registry code 3960100) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-235 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-235-series) (registry code 41505, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: AAIC-OO72 - Airframe hours: 4415 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320-E2A 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Charles H. Thomas - Registered owner: Bermuda Dunes Air Service - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, March 11, 1993, 50 hours before - Departed: SMO, SANTA MONICA, CA - Destination: MMH, MAMMOTH LAKES, CA ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 40; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 313 total, 25 in this make and model, 244 as pilot in command, 23 in the last 90 days, 12 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 350° at 15 knots - Visibility: 30 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 45 °F ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940211002119A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940211002119A), Feb 11, 1994: Gulstm AA1A, Bishop, CA, Substantial damage. Lost power en route. Nosed over landing in soft soil field. Fuel tanks were empty. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.