# NTSB LAX94LA178: North American P-51D, N1451D, Chino, CA, April 5, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: April 4, 1994, 17:49 local (Apr 5, 1994, 00:49 UTC) - Place: Chino, CA - Coordinates: 34.000785, -117.679771 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.0008&lon=-117.6798&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed, report December 7, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 28709 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX94LA178 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/28709/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA178 ## Probable cause the pilot's decision to fly an unairworthy and uncertificated airplane, his failure to perform an adequate preflight, and the improper installation of the oil cooler lines. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - mech failure/malf, climb - to cruise - aircraft preflight - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - lubricating system,oil hose - disconnected (cause) - maintenance,installation - improper, other maintenance personnel (cause) - fluid,oil - exhaustion (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with terrain/water, landing - flare/touchdown ## Analysis The pilot departed with the intention of circling the airport several times to check the aircraft prior to departing on a cross-country to Prescott, Arizona. The airplane was undergoing a major rebuilding and restoration after a previous accident and had not flown for several years. Postcrash examination revealed that two oil cooler lines had been inadvertently crossed. One of the oil cooler lines failed as a result of the incorrect line installation and the engine oil was pumped overboard. The engine subsequently sustained a catastrophic internal failure. The last logbook entry and documented annual inspection for the airplane was dated 1987. The pilot's last flight physical was dated 1981. Ground witnesses stated that the pilot did not go through the normal preflight ground power checks prior to flight. ## Factual narrative On April 4, 1994, at 1749 hours Pacific daylight time, a North American P-51D, N1451D, was substantially damaged during a forced landing at Chino, California. The forced landing was precipitated by a loss of engine power. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the personal cross-country flight and no flight plan was filed. The pilot and passenger received minor injuries. The flight originated at Chino at 1745 hours as a local test flight with a planned continuation to Prescott, Arizona. This was the first flight since completion of a major rebuild and restoration. The pilot planned to circle the airport area several times to check the operation of the aircraft prior to departing for Prescott. Ground witnesses stated that they do not recall seeing the airplane go through normal ground power checks prior to flight. While maneuvering in the airport area, the pilot reported that he experienced an oil mist in the cockpit. The pilot declared an emergency and the Chino Air Traffic Control Tower cleared the aircraft to land on runway 21. The aircraft collided with terrain in a cow pasture about 1/4 mile north of the airport. During the postcrash examination of the engine and the oil system, it was observed that the inlet and outlet oil lines to the oil cooler had been inadvertently crossed. An aluminum beaded oil line with a rubber hose and clamp was found disconnected from the cooler on the inlet side. According to a mechanic familiar with the aircraft and engine types, the crossing of these oil lines will cause a pressure build up and can force the hose to uncouple. Examination of the airplane fuselage revealed a trail of engine oil from the oil cooler aft along the belly to the tail. PERSONNEL INFORMATION Review of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airman record and medical files revealed that the pilot's last flight physical of record was dated March 23, 1981. At the time of that examination, he reported a total flight time of 8,000 hours with 200 in the last 6 months. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION According to the airframe logbook, the last documented aircraft maintenance was performed on April 12, 1987, at a total airframe time of 1,751.3 hours. According to an engine logbook, the engine installed at the time of the accident had been overhauled on May 3, 1983, and had accrued 456.3 hours of operation. The last documented annual inspection was dated April 12, 1987. The airplane was being rebuilt at Chino after a previous accident. The work had been in progress for several years. No inspection, repair, or overhaul data was recovered regarding the restoration or rebuilding of the airplane. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N1451D](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N1451D), registered now, S/N 44-74446A, built 1944 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: NORTH AMERICAN P-51D - Registry model: [North American/Aero Classics P-51D](https://openairdocs.org/model/north-american-aero-classics-p-51d) (registry code 6402304) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pkrd-Roll V1650 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pkrd-roll-v1650-series) (registry code 49001, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 44-74446-A - Engines: ROLLS-ROYCE V-1650-7 1490 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Michael Clarke - Registered owner: Michael Clarke - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Limited (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, April 12, 1987 - Destination: PRC, PRESCOTT, AZ - Airport: CNO, Chino Muni, runway 21, 6,032 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 50; commercial, flight engineer; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; seat: front; flight hours: 8,000 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 240° at 19 knots - Visibility: 5 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: CNO, 210 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940404000289A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940404000289A), Apr 4, 1994: Namer P51D, Chino, CA, Substantial damage. Lost oil and oil mist in cockpit. Tried return. Crashed short. First flight of rebuild. Oil lines crossed. Came off. ## Other investigations on N1451D (3) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB CEN14FA339](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN14FA339), Jul 4, 2014: North American/Aero Classics P 51D (N1451D), Durango, CO, substantial damage, 2 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to compensate for the high-performance airplane's tendency to enter a torque roll during the initial climb, which resulted in the airplane entering a torque roll and the… - [NTSB LAX87DVW01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX87DVW01), Apr 3, 1987: North American P51D (N1451D), Ashfork, AZ, substantial damage - [NTSB UNK64X2311](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK64X2311), Jun 15, 1964: N.American F-51D (N1451D), Roseburg, OR, destroyed, 5 fatal From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.