# NTSB LAX94LA192: Cessna 172F, N5709R, Arlington, CA, April 17, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: April 17, 1994, 13:30 local (20:30 UTC) - Place: Arlington, CA - Coordinates: 33.889045, -117.439102 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.8890&lon=-117.4391&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 14, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 28721 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX94LA192 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/28721/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA192 ## Probable cause FAILURE OF THE CERTIFIED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR TO PROPERLY SUPERVISE THE STUDENT PILOT AND PERFORM THE APPROPRIATE REMEDIAL ACTION BEFORE THE AIRPLANE DESCENDED TO AN ALTITUDE TOO LOW FOR RECOVERY. FACTORS WERE THE STUDENT PILOT'S HANDLING OF THE AIRPLANE WHICH RESULTED IN AN INADVERTENT STALL. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency) - emergency procedure - simulated, dual student (contributing factor) - aircraft control - not maintained, dual student (contributing factor) - remedial action - not performed, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - stall/mush - inadvertent, dual student (contributing factor) - supervision - inadequate, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - Hard landing, descent - uncontrolled - altitude - reduced, pilot in command(cfi) (contributing factor) - go-around - not possible, pilot in command(cfi) (contributing factor) - Nose over, landing - flare/touchdown - terrain condition - rough/uneven ## Analysis THE STUDENT PILOT INADVERTENTLY STALLED THE AIRPLANE ABOUT FIFTY FEET ABOVE THE GROUND WHILE PRACTICING SIMULATED FORCED LANDINGS. THE MANEUVER WAS SUPERVISED BY A CERTIFIED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR(CFI). THE SIMULATED FORCED LANDING WAS INITIATED ABOUT 2,000 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND. THE STUDENT PILOT WAS PERFORMING THE MANEUVER INCORRECTLY BY HOLDING THE NOSE UP DURING THE GLIDE. THE CFI TOLD THE STUDENT PILOT TO ADD POWER. THE STUDENT PILOT FROZE ON THE CONTROLS. THE CFI ALLOWED THE AIRPLANE TO CONTINUE ITS DESCENT WHILE TELLING THE STUDENT PILOT A SECOND TIME TO ADD POWER. BY THE TIME THE STUDENT PILOT ADDED FULL POWER THE AIRPLANE WAS ABOUT FIFTY FEET ABOVE THE GROUND. THE AIRPLANE STALLED, DESCENDED UNCONTROLLED, LANDED HARD AND NOSED OVER IN UNEVEN TERRAIN. ## Factual narrative On April 17, 1994, at 1330 hours Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 172F, N5709R, collided with terrain near Arlington, California. The airplane was being operated as an instructional flight by Paradise Aviation, Corona, California. The airplane was substantially damaged. The flight instructor and student pilot were not injured. The flight originated in Corona, California, at 1300 hours. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. According to the operator, the flight instructor was simulating forced landings. The maneuver was being initiated about 2,000 feet above the ground. The student pilot was holding the nose up during the power on glide. The flight instructor told the student pilot to add full power. The student pilot froze on the controls and did not add the power. The flight instructor again told the student pilot to add full power. This time the student pilot added full power but continued to hold the nose up. The airplane stalled about fifty feet above the ground, landed hard, bounced, and nosed over. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N5709R](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N5709R), registered now, S/N 17253366, built 1965 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172F - Registry model: [Cessna 172F](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172f) (registry code 2072414) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental 0-300 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-0-300-series) (registry code 17022, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17253366 - Airframe hours: 2604 - Engines: CONTINENTAL O-300 145 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Paradise Aviation - Registered owner: Yoon, John R. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 3, 1993, 296 hours before - Departed: L66, CORONA, CA ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 22; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: right; flight hours: 453 total, 217 in this make and model, 374 as pilot in command, 117 in the last 90 days, 78 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 280° at 5 knots - Visibility: 3 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 18,000 ft overcast - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: RAL, 7 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940417022119A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940417022119A), Apr 17, 1994: Cessna 172F, Arlington, CA, Substantial damage. Practice forced landings. Student froze on controls. Unable to free control CFI called for power. Stalled nose high From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.