# NTSB LAX95FA119: Bellanca 7ECA, N9198L, San Jose, CA, February 26, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report - Date: February 26, 1995, 11:10 local (19:10 UTC) - Place: San Jose, CA - Coordinates: 37.339542, -121.880592 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.3395&lon=-121.8806&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 2 serious - Status: Completed, report October 26, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 28915 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX95FA119 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/28915/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95FA119 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S IMPROPER CLIMB ATTITUDE WHICH RESULTED IN A MOMENTARY LOSS OF ENGINE POWER DUE TO FUEL STARVATION. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(partial) - nonmechanical, takeoff - initial climb - touch-and-go - performed, pilot in command - fluid,fuel - starvation (cause) - climb - improper, pilot in command (cause) - Loss of control - in flight, emergency landing after takeoff - in-flight planning/decision - improper, pilot in command (cause) - flight controls - abrupt, pilot in command (cause) - airspeed - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - stall/spin - inadvertent, pilot in command - In flight collision with terrain/water, emergency landing after takeoff ## Analysis THE PILOT WAS PRACTICING TOUCH-AND-GO TAKEOFFS AND LANDINGS. THE PILOT STATED THAT DURING THE LAST TAKEOFF, ABOUT 900 FT AGL, THE ENGINE '...SPUTTERED AND THEN LOST POWER...', AND THE AIRPLANE'S NOSE DROPPED. GROUND WITNESSES REPORTED THAT THE AIPLANE WAS CLIMBING AT A HIGH ANGLE-OF-ATTACK WHEN THE ENGINE BEGAN TO SPUTTER. THE LEFT WING ABRUPTLY ROTATED ABOUT THE AIRPLANE'S LONGITUDINAL AXIS, WITH THE NOSE SIMULTANEOUSLY PITCHING DOWN TO A NEAR-VERTICAL ATTITUDE. THE AIRPLANE IMPACTED THE GROUND IN A LEFT SPIN. THE PROPELLER SEPARATED AT IMPACT; BLADE DAMAGE WAS INDICATIVE OF THE ENGINE PRODUCING POWER AT IMPACT. ENGINE EXAMINATION SHOWED THAT IT WAS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING POWER. THE AIRPLANE IS EQUIPPED WITH A GRAVITY-FED FUEL SYSYTEM. A CFI, WHO INSTRUCTS IN THE 7ECA, STATED THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO SUSTAIN A MOMENTARY LOSS OF POWER DURING CLIMB IF THE PILOT ABRUPTLY PUSHES THE STICK FORWARD CREATING A ZERO TO ONE NEGATIVE G. THE ENGINE WOULD RESTART WHEN A POSITIVE G LOADING OCCURS. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On February 26, 1995, at 1110 hours Pacific standard time, a Bellanca 7ECA, N9198L, crashed shortly after taking off on runway 13R, at Reid-Hillview Airport, San Jose, California. The pilot was conducting a local visual flight rules personal flight and was executing touch and go landings and takeoffs. The airplane, registered to and operated by a private individual, was destroyed by impact forces and the resulting postimpact fire. The certificated private pilot and his passenger sustained serious injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. The flight originated at Reid-Hillview Airport at 1034 hours; the flight landed at 1051 hours and then departed on the accident flight at 1100 hours. The registered owner/operator told National Transportation Safety Board investigators that the pilot called him the night before the accident and requested to rent the airplane. He said that he taught the pilot to fly in the accident airplane. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Reid-Hillview Airport Traffic Control Tower recorded communications media revealed the pilot initially obtained a taxi clearance to runway 13L at 1034:15 hours. At 1039:27 hours, the pilot advised the local controller that he was "ready to go." The local controller cleared the flight for takeoff. At 1042:17 hours, the local controller cleared N9198L for the option (either land or execute a touch-and-go landing and takeoff). The pilot executed two touch-and-go landings and takeoffs. At 1049:37 hours, the local controller again cleared N9198L for the option. The pilot advised the local controller that he was going to make a full-stop landing to pick up another passenger. At 1051:45 hours, the ground controller cleared N9198L to taxi to the parking area. At 1059:36 hours, the pilot advised the local controller that he was ready for takeoff on runway 13L. The local controller cleared N9198L for takeoff. At 1103:36 hours, the local controller cleared N9198L for the option, but to change to runway 13R. The pilot acknowledged the clearance and executed a touch-and-go landing and takeoff. At 1107:56 hours, the local controller cleared N9198L for the option on runway 13R. The pilot acknowledged the clearance. There were no further communications between N9198L and the local controller. Safety Board investigators interviewed the pilot on March 6, 1995, at Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California. The pilot said that on the last takeoff, about 900 feet above the ground, the engine ". . . sputtered and then lost power. . . ." He said that he was climbing at 70 miles per hour when the engine sputtered and then the airplane's nose dropped. He checked the fuel selector valve, but did not move it. He then attempted to turn to the left to land on runway 31L. He did not communicate his intentions to the local controller and vaguely recalls hitting the ground. The passenger told National Transportation Safety Board investigators that he did not hear any sounds before the accident. He said that during the climb the airplane abruptly turned to the left and nosed down. The airplane made a 360-degree turn before it struck the ground in a vertical nose-down attitude. The local controller said after clearing a helicopter for takeoff, he observed N9198L departing runway 13R. He said the airplane's takeoff roll and climbing attitude looked longer and steeper than normal. The next time he saw the airplane, it was in a left 90-degrees banking attitude. The airplane continued in a left banking turn and it was in a nearly vertical nose-down attitude. He said the airplane never got above the height of the mall [about 200 feet above ground level (agl)]. A FAA controller trainee said he observed the airplane about 50 feet agl in a "slightly nose-high" attitude. The airplane's right wing dipped slightly and then the airplane banked 90 degrees to the left. The nose raised as the airplane continued rotating to the left, and then the nose went down. He said the airplane struck the ground in a nose-down attitude and bounced backward. The consensus of other ground witnesses was that during the initial climb, shortly after performing a touch-and-go landing and takeoff, the airplane was climbing at a high angle of attack when the engine began to sputter. The airplane's left wing abruptly rotated to the left about its longitudinal axis; simultaneously, the airplane's nose pitched down to a near-vertical descent attitude. The airplane continued in a left turn and nose-down attitude until impact. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot held a private pilot certificate with an airplane, single-engine land rating; he received his private pilot certificate on November 28, 1993. He also held an unrestricted third-class medical certificate dated January 14, 1994. Safety Board investigators recovered burnt remnants of the pilot's flight hours logbook from the wreckage. The flight hours reflected on page 3 of this report were derived from the logbook examination, the pilot's FAA pilot application form, and the owner's records. The date column of the flight hours logbook was not discernable. The last flight hours logbook entry showed a total flight time of 95 hours, of which 55 hours were logged as pilot-in-command. According to the owner's records, the pilot flew the airplane 7.0 hours since he received his private pilot certificate. The pilot showed in his private pilot application form that he had accrued 90 flight hours which included 53 solo (pilot-in-command) flight hours. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The FAA records show that the airplane was registered to the owner on September 7, 1994. The airplane received its airworthiness certificate on December 22, 1971. The owner provided the Safety Board with the airplane's airframe and engine logbooks. Examination of the logbooks revealed that an annual inspection on the airframe and engine was accomplished on September 30, 1994; the airframe and engine accrued 2,580 hours at the time of the inspection. The engine accrued 120 hours since major overhaul. According to the owner's records, the airplane accrued about 2,647 hours at the time of the accident - including the accident flight. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION The weather data reflected on page 4 of this report was the Reid- Hillview Airport 1115 hours surface weather observation. The ambient temperature was 58 degrees Fahrenheit and the dew point was 48 degrees Fahrenheit. According to the FAA Icing Probability Chart, with the airport's reported temperature and dew point, the airplane was susceptible to serious icing conditions in the cruise or climb power configuration. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The airplane crashed on the northeast corner of Eastridge Lane and Tully Road about 300 feet east of the departure end of runway 13R. The airplane came to rest, nose down, with the top of the cabin facing 185 degrees (all headings/bearings noted in this report are oriented toward magnetic north) about 50 feet north of the initial impact point. The wreckage examination, ground scars, and the witnesses observations disclosed that the airplane struck the ground while spinning to the left. The airplane was about 30 degrees beyond the vertical attitude (inverted) with the top of the cabin facing 162 degrees at impact. All of the airplane's major components and flight controls were found at the main wreckage area. The right wing separated from its respective wing-to-fuselage attach fittings. The left wing remained attached to the forward wing-to-fuselage attach fitting. Both wings sustained extensive postcrash fire damage inboard from their respective metal fuel tanks. The wing and empennage flight controls remained attached at their respective attach points. Continuity of the rudder, elevator, and elevator trim tab cables was established. The cables remained connected at their ## Aircraft - Registration: [N9198L](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N9198L-1996-04-17), registration cancelled 1996-04-17, S/N 81972 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: BELLANCA 7ECA - Registry model: [Bellanca 7ECA](https://openairdocs.org/model/bellanca-7eca) (registry code 1220460) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 819-72 - Airframe hours: 2647 - Engines: LYCOMING O-235-C1 115 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: David C. Gray - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Aerobatic; Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, September 30, 1994, 67 hours before - Airport: RHV, Reid-Hillview, runway 13R, 3,099 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 33; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: front; flight hours: 98 total, 98 in this make and model, 60 as pilot in command, 7 in the last 90 days, 1 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 6 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,200 ft overcast - Temperature: 57 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: RHV, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19950226002539A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19950226002539A), Feb 26, 1995: Bbavia 7ECA, San Jose, CA, Destroyed. Lost power on climbout. Stalled turning back. Vertical impact. Burned. Cause undetermined. Igniters worn to limits. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.