# NTSB LAX95LA010: Beech C-23, N60054, Kahului, HI, October 16, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: October 15, 1994, 14:31 local (Oct 16, 1994, 00:31 UTC) - Place: Kahului, HI - Coordinates: 20.87022, -156.450927 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=20.8702&lon=-156.4509&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report January 25, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 28964 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX95LA010 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/28964/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA010 ## Probable cause the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, improper in-flight decision, and his failure to attain the proper climb airspeed during the initial takeoff resulting in an inadvertent stall. The student pilot's lack of total experience, excessive final approach speed, and misjudging the initial flare altitude were factors in this accident. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - on ground/water, landing - flare/touchdown - airspeed(vref) - excessive, pilot in command (contributing factor) - flare - misjudged, pilot in command (contributing factor) - Loss of control - in flight, takeoff - initial climb - recovery from bounced landing - improper, pilot in command (cause) - lack of total experience, pilot in command (contributing factor) - in-flight planning/decision - improper, pilot in command (cause) - airspeed - not attained, pilot in command (cause) - stall - inadvertent, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Analysis THE STUDENT PILOT WAS PRACTICING TOUCH-AND-GO TAKEOFFS AND LANDINGS. ON THE LAST LANDING, THE AIRPLANE BOUNCED AND PULLED TO THE LEFT. THE STUDENT PILOT FAILED TO PROPERLY RECOVER FROM THE BOUNCED LANDING AND THE AIRPLANE BOUNCED ON THE SECOND TOUCHDOWN. THE STUDENT PILOT ELECTED TO TAKE OFF, BUT THE AIRPLANE'S AIRSPEED WAS TOO SLOW. THE AIRPLANE STALLED AFTER IT BECAME AIRBORNE AND STRUCK THE GROUND IN A LEFT WING DOWN ATTITUDE. EXAMINATION OF THE LEFT WHEEL BRAKES AND TIRE SHOWED NO EVIDENCE OF ANY WHEEL BRAKE SEIZING OR BINDING. ## Factual narrative On October 15, 1994, at 1431 hours Hawaii standard time, a Beech C-23, N60054, exited the left side of runway 05 and the left wing collided with the terrain at the Kahului Airport, Kahului, Hawaii. The student pilot was conducting a local solo visual flight rules instructional flight and was not injured. The airplane, owned and operated by Clark Enterprises, Inc., Lahaina, Hawaii, sustained substantial damage. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. The flight originated at Kahului Airport at 1400 hours. The student pilot reported in the aircraft accident report that he flew the approach between 80 and 85 knots. On initial touchdown, the airplane bounced and pulled to the left. Thinking that he may have had his foot on the left brake, the student pilot applied power to effect a recovery from the bounced landing. On the second touchdown, the airplane again pulled to the left. The student pilot applied power to execute a go-around, but the airplane's airspeed was too slow. The airplane stalled after it became airborne and struck the ground in a left wing down attitude. The student pilot said that he examined the left wheel brakes and tire. The examination showed no evidence of any seizing or binding. He also said that the surface winds were from 325 degrees between 8 and 10 knots. The surface winds reported by the airport traffic control tower personnel at 1437 hours were 320 degrees at 8 knots. The student pilot said that wake turbulence from the preceding airline jet departures on the nearly parallel runway (runway 02) may have caused the severe pull to the left. The Beech C-23 Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) shows that the recommended approach speed is 68 knots (78 mph). ## Aircraft - Registration: [N60054](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N60054-2017-04-07), registration cancelled 2017-04-07, S/N M-2128, built 1979 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: BEECH C-23 - Registry model: [Beech C23](https://openairdocs.org/model/beech-c23) (registry code 1151242) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming O&VO-360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-o-vo-360-series) (registry code 41514, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: M-2128 - Airframe hours: 795 - Engines: LYCOMING O-360 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Clark Enterprises - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 1, 1994, 30 hours before - Departed: OGG - Airport: OGG, Kahului Airport, runway 5, 4,990 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 36; student; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 25 total, 21 in this make and model, 24 in the last 90 days, 24 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 320° at 8 knots - Visibility: 15 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 90 °F, dew point 70 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: OGG ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19941015035119A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19941015035119A), Oct 15, 1994: Beech C23, Kahului, HI, Substantial damage. Bounced on touch and go landing. Swerved left. Tried go around too slow. Stalled and hit ground left wing low. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.