# NTSB LAX95LA200: Eurocopter AS-355F1, N5871D, Lost Hills, CA, June 1, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: May 31, 1995, 23:00 local (Jun 1, 1995, 06:00 UTC) - Place: Lost Hills, CA - Coordinates: 35.61058, -119.899436 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.6106&lon=-119.8994&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 6, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 29107 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX95LA200 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/29107/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA200 ## Probable cause the pilot's in-flight loss of control and failure to maintain a proper descent rate due to spatial disorientation and lack of visual cues during a dark, night approach to a unimproved landing zone, and his failure to initiate a go-around when he first lost visual reference with the ground. Factor's in the accident are the dark night lighting conditions and lack of suitable reference lights at the landing zone. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, approach - vfr pattern - final approach - light condition - dark night (contributing factor) - aircraft control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - spatial disorientation, pilot in command (cause) - visual/aural detection, pilot in command (cause) - proper descent rate - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - go-around - not performed, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Analysis ON A DARK MOONLESS NIGHT, THE FLIGHT WAS GOING TO A SPARSELY POPULATED AREA WITHOUT GROUND REFERENCE LIGHTS TO PICKUP A MEDICAL EVACUATION PATIENT. THE RESPONDING FIRE DEPARTMENT TRUCKS PICKED A LANDING SITE AND ILLUMINATED THE AREA WITH TWO FIRE TRUCKS PARKED ADJACENT TO THE INTENDED LANDING SPOT. THE PILOT SAID HE MADE A HIGH RECONNISANACE AND THEN STARTED HIS APPROACH FROM 300 FEET. HE SAID HE BECAME SPATIALLY DISORIENTED AND LOST VISUAL REFERENCE WITH THE GROUND WHILE LOOKING AT HIS INSTRUMENTS TO CORRECT A HIGH RATE OF DESCENT AND LOW AIRSPEED SITUATION. THE HELICOPTER'S NOSE PITCHED DOWN, BUT THE PILOT STABILIZED THE AIRCRAFT JUST BEFORE TOUCHING DOWN HARD. THE AIRCRAFT BOUNCED INTO THE AIR ABOUT 20-30 FEET, ROLLED TO THE LEFT IN AN UNCONTROLLED DESCENT, AND THEN COLLIDED WITH THE GROUND ON ITS LEFT SIDE. THE HELICOPTER SPUN AND ROLLED OVER AND CAME TO REST ON THE RIGHT SIDE. THE PILOT REPORTED NO MECHANICAL FAILURES OR MALFUNCTIONS. ## Factual narrative On May 31, 1995, at 2300 hours Pacific daylight time, an Eurocopter AS-355F1 helicopter, N5781D, landed hard and rolled over while attempting a night off-airport landing near Lost Hills, California. The helicopter was being positioned for an air medical transport flight, under 14 CFR Part 91, by Roger's Helicopters, Inc., dba Roger's Aviation Golden Empire, when the accident occurred. The helicopter was substantially damaged. The certificated commercial pilot and two medical technicians were not injured. The flight originated from Meadows Field, Bakersfield, California, at 2232 hours and was destined for an area 15 statute miles west of Lost Hills, California. Night visual meteorological conditions prevailed. According to the pilot/operator report, the landing area was being illuminated by two fire trucks positioned adjacent to the area. The pilot and the two medical personnel on the helicopter reported the ambient light conditions as being dark. The pilot indicated he was unable to estimate the helicopters's height above the ground. As the pilot turned to the final approach about 200-300 feet agl, he looked down to check his flight instruments and noted that they indicated a low airspeed (below 10 mph), and also a high rate of descent (500 fpm). The pilot increased collective pitch to slow his descent, and when he looked outside the helicopter for the landing zone, he lost all visual reference to the ground. Both the pilot and the passengers indicated the helicopter pitched nose down and banked left. The pilot corrected the left roll immediately before landing hard. After touchdown, the helicopter bounced in the air to about 20-30 feet, descended uncontrollably in a slight left roll, and struck the ground again with the rotor blades. The helicopter's fuselage then struck the ground on its left side, spun, and then rolled over and came to rest on the right side. ## Aircraft - Registration: N5871D (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: EUROCOPTER AS-355F1 - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 5038 - Airframe hours: 3943 - Engines: ALLISON 250-C20F 420 horsepower turbo shaft - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Positioning, Part 91 - Registered owner: Roger'S Helicopters, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, May 26, 1995, 7 hours before - Departed: BFL, BAKERSFIELD, CA - Flight plan: Company VFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 46; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: front; flight hours: 7,691 total, 80 in this make and model, 7,623 as pilot in command, 15 in the last 90 days, 3 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 270° at 7 knots - Visibility: 20 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 45 °F, dew point 52 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.