# NTSB LAX97LA097: Cessna 310Q, N10ML, Los Angeles, CA, February 8, 1997 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: February 7, 1997, 17:13 local (Feb 8, 1997, 01:13 UTC) - Place: Los Angeles, CA - Coordinates: 34.029891, -118.429656 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.0299&lon=-118.4297&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed, report January 7, 1998 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 29721 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX97LA097 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/29721/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA097 ## Probable cause Fuel starvation resulting from the pilot's improper fuel tank selector position and failure to perform correct emergency procedures. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, approach - vfr pattern - downwind - all engines - fluid,fuel - starvation (cause) - fuel tank selector position - improper, pilot in command (cause) - fuel supply - not selected, pilot in command (cause) - emergency procedure - improper, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, emergency descent/landing - terrain condition - rough/uneven - object - tree(s) ## Analysis According to the pilot, before departure for the maintenance test flight he had determined that the main fuel tanks were at least 1/2 full of fuel and the auxiliary tanks were completely full. The pilot allowed another pilot to fly from the left seat while he occupied the right seat. After flying for about 1 hour the pilots approached their destination. The flying pilot entered the downwind leg and experienced a total loss of left engine power. The right seated pilot took the controls and turned toward the airport; however within seconds the right engine lost all power. The right seated pilot made a forced landing on a nearby golf course. During the landing on rough terrain the airplane impacted trees. The right fuel tank fragmented from the wing, and witnesses reported evidence of a fuel odor along the wreckage distribution path. An examination of the remaining intact fuel tanks revealed the auxiliary tanks were about 1/3 full, and the left main tank was completely dry. Both of the cockpit fuel selectors were observed set to the left main tank position. According to the emergency procedures, in the event of an engine failure the fuel selector valve handles should be turned to their respective tank for each engine. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On February 7, 1997, at 1713 hours Pacific standard time, a Cessna 310Q, N10ML, operated by the pilot, experienced a total loss of power in both engines on approach to the Santa Monica Municipal Airport. The pilot made a forced landing on the Rancho Park Golf Course in Los Angeles, California. During the landing the airplane collided with trees and rough terrain. The airplane was substantially damaged. The commercial pilot and the passenger sustained minor injuries. No one on the golf course was injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the maintenance test flight which originated from the Santa Monica Municipal Airport about 1615. The pilot reported that he was a part owner of the airplane. Since February 3, 1997, the airplane had been undergoing maintenance. The primary purpose of the accident flight was to break in a new cylinder and to note any discrepancies. The pilot further indicated that before takeoff he had determined that the airplane's main fuel tanks were at least 1/2 full of fuel, and the auxiliary tanks were completely full. The fuel consumption rate averaged 35 gallons per hour. The pilot additionally reported that he allowed the left seated passenger, who also held a commercial pilot certificate, to fly the airplane until the time of the power loss. That event occurred when the airplane was in the downwind leg at the Santa Monica Airport. The pilot reported that he took the controls, identified the left engine as having lost all power, and continued flying the airplane for the duration of the flight. According to the pilot, seconds after the left engine lost power, he turned toward the airport and then the right engine lost all power. The pilot stated that he followed the airplane's emergency check list, no engine power was restored, and he made a forced landing on approach to the airport. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION - TANK CAPACITY & EMERGENCY PROCEDURES The airplane was equipped with four fuel tanks. The two main tanks each have a usable capacity of 50 gallons, and the tanks were attached at the wing tips. The two auxiliary tanks each have a usable capacity of 20 gallons, and the tanks were located in the wings. The Cessna Owner's Manual indicates that if an engine fails during flight, "[t]he fuel selector valve handles should be turned to LEFT MAIN for the left engine and RIGHT MAIN for the right engine, during takeoff, landing, and emergency." In the emergency procedures section of the Owner's Manual information is provided regarding the procedure to follow when an engine fails during flight. In pertinent part, the manual states that "if [the] fuel selector valve is in AUXILIARY TANK position, switch to MAIN TANK and feel for detent." WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The National Transportation Safety Board examined the airplane at the accident site prior to its recovery. The cockpit was observed intact and the wings had remained attached to the fuselage. Neither of the engine's propeller blade assemblies were observed in the feathered position. The nose portion of the fuselage and the right main fuel tank was observed destroyed. On the fairway in the wreckage distribution path, witnesses reported evidence of a fuel odor along with fragments from the separated right main fuel tank. A visual inspection of the wing fuel tanks revealed that the right auxiliary tank was about 3/4 full, and the left auxiliary tank was about 1/4 full. The airplane was not level during the tank examination. The left main tank was found totally empty. Both of the fuel selectors in the cockpit were found positioned to the left main tank. Airplane recovery personnel subsequently reported that when they drained the auxiliary tanks, the right and left tanks contained 6.5 and 5.5 gallons, respectively. The left main tank was confirmed as being devoid of fuel. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N10ML](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N10ML-2017-03-09), registration cancelled 2017-03-09, S/N 310Q0004, built 1969 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 310Q - Registry model: [Cessna T310Q](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t310q) (registry code 2074244) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-520-series) (registry code 17032, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 310Q-0004 - Airframe hours: 6450 - Engines: Continental TSIO-520-B 285 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 91 - Operator: Gary Hakman - Registered owner: Circuitron Corp. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, November 15, 1996, 95 hours before - Departed: SMO - Airport: SMO, Santa Monica, runway 21, 4,987 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 40; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: right; flight hours: 2,652 total, 145 in this make and model, 2,557 as pilot in command, 75 in the last 90 days, 27 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/bright - Wind: 220° at 7 knots - Visibility: 15 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 61 °F, dew point 37 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: SMO, 3 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19970207001349A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19970207001349A), Feb 7, 1997: Cessna T310Q, Santa Monica, CA, Substantial damage. Fuel starvation on maintenance test flight. Struck trees landing. (.4) according to the pilot, before departure for the maintenance test flight he had… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.