# NTSB LAX97LA232: Cessna 182A, N2011G, Santa Paula, CA, July 4, 1997 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 4, 1997, 12:50 local (19:50 UTC) - Place: Santa Paula, CA - Coordinates: 34.399375, -119.069969 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.3994&lon=-119.0700&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report April 10, 1998 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 29828 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX97LA232 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/29828/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA232 ## Probable cause Fuel exhaustion due to the pilot's inadequate preflight planning/inspection and his failure to ensure that adequate fuel was onboard prior to departure. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, descent - aircraft preflight - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - fluid,fuel - exhaustion (cause) - fuel supply - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, landing - roll - terrain condition - rock(s)/boulder(s) - terrain condition - sand bar ## Analysis The pilot stated that during the preflight inspection a calibrated instrument was used to dip the tanks; the aircraft had approximately 7 gallons in the right tank, and 9 gallons in the left tank. The pilot did not report the nature of the calibrated instrument, nor how it was calibrated to the aircraft fuel system. On takeoff the fuel selector valve was set to the left tank and shortly after takeoff he switched it to the right tank. He ran the right tank dry and when the engine quit, he switched to the left tank and began a circling descent to the airport. The engine ran approximately 5 more minutes and then lost power again. Attempts to restart the engine were unsuccessful. The pilot reported that prior to the accident the aircraft was running normally and no deficiencies were noted. The pilot reported to an FAA inspector that he had technically ran out of fuel. The inspector examined the aircraft on scene the day of the accident and reported that the fuel system appeared to be intact and no fuel was present in either of the tanks. According to the inspector no other mechanical anomalies were noted with the aircraft. ## Factual narrative On July 4, 1997, at 1250 hours Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 182A, N2011G, lost power and collided with rocks while performing a forced landing 1 mile east of the Santa Paula, California, airport. The aircraft was substantially damaged, and the owner/pilot received minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions existed for the personal flight. The flight originated from the Santa Maria, California, airport at 1145 and was to terminate at the Whiteman, California, airport. The pilot stated he was en route and decided to land at Santa Paula in order to refuel the aircraft with 80 octane aviation gasoline. During the descent at 4,000 feet mean sea level (msl), the engine lost power and there was insufficient altitude to make the runway at Santa Paula. The aircraft landed in a river bed and collided with rocks and other obstacles. In an interview with an Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness inspector from the Van Nuys, California, Flight Standards District Office, the pilot stated that during the preflight inspection a calibrated instrument was used to dip the tanks, and that the aircraft had approximately 7 gallons in the right tank and 9 gallons in the left tank. The pilot did not describe the nature of the "calibrated instrument," nor how the device was calibrated to the fuel tanks on this aircraft. On initial run-up the engine sounded rough, but then ran normally before takeoff. The pilot stated that on takeoff the fuel selector valve was set to the left tank and shortly after takeoff he switched it to the right tank. The pilot reported that he ran the right tank dry (engine quit) and switched to the left tank and began a circling descent to Santa Paula because he knew he was low on fuel. The engine ran approximately 5 more minutes and then lost power again. Attempts to restart the engine, including switching the fuel selector positions, were unsuccessful. The pilot reported that the engine was running normally prior to the accident and that he knew of nothing wrong. The FAA inspector asked the pilot if he had run out of fuel and the pilot reported that "technically, yes he ran out of fuel." According to excerpts from the Cessna Aircraft Company's Cessna Skylane and 182 Owner's Manual page 1-8, each tank holds approximately 32.5 gallons of fuel; 1.5 of which is unusable fuel in each tank, for a total of 3 gallons being unusable. On page 6-3, the Skylane cruise and range performance chart notes that for an altitude of 2,500 feet above ground level (agl) the fuel consumption rate is approximately 12 gallons per hour. With a total of 13 gallons of useable fuel in both tanks, the pilot would have been able to fly his aircraft approximately 1 hour in a calm wind condition. Santa Maria airport is 76.5 nautical miles from the Santa Paula airport, in calm wind conditions it is approximately a 30-minute flight. An FAA inspector from the Van Nuys, California, Flight Standards District Office, examined the aircraft on site the day of the accident. He reported that the fuel system appeared to be intact and there was no fuel in either of the tanks. No other mechanical anomalies were noted with the aircraft. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2011G](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2011G-1998-04-01), registration cancelled 1998-04-01, S/N 51311 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 182A - Registry model: [Cessna 182A](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182a) (registry code 2072704) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 51311 - Airframe hours: 3246 - Engines: Continental O-470-L 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Richard Neufeld - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 3, 1997, 1 hours before - Departed: SMX, SANTA MARIA, CA - Destination: WHP, PACOIMA, CA - Airport: SZP, Santa Paula, runway 22, 2,417 × 40 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 69; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 1,735 total, 576 in this make and model, 1,335 as pilot in command, 1 in the last 90 days, 1 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 240° at 10 knots, gusting 14 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 59 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: CMA, 9 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19970704023289A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19970704023289A), Jul 4, 1997: Cessna 182A, Santa Paula, CA, Substantial damage. Began with minimal fuel and flew until empty. Collided with rocks during descent to airport for refuel. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.