# NTSB LAX98LA049: Cessna T210N, N1396U, Union City, CA, December 2, 1997 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 2, 1997, 14:35 local (22:35 UTC) - Place: Union City, CA - Coordinates: 37.599182, -122.019073 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.5992&lon=-122.0191&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report December 7, 1999 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 30005 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX98LA049 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/30005/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=30005 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA049 ## Probable cause Blockage of the fuel flow transducer, which resulted in fuel starvation and the loss of engine power. Unsuitable terrain for an emergency landing was a contributing factor. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, approach - fuel system - blocked(total) - fluid,fuel - starvation - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with object, emergency descent/landing - object - residence - unsuitable terrain or takeoff/landing/taxi area ## Analysis The aircraft was being repositioned to home base following a partial repaint. While on short final to land the engine lost power and the aircraft landed in a residential area. Postaccident examination of the fuel and ignition systems found the fuel flow transducer to be restricted. After several attempts it was possible to blow air through it, but with resistance. Nothing foreign was found in the lines or blown from the transducer. The component was sent to the manufacturer of the fuel system and met flow specifications. The component was then sent to a testing laboratory for examination where it was opened and examined. The interior, turbine, and bearing points appeared to be normal and functional. ## Factual narrative On December 2, 1997, at 1435 hours Pacific standard time, a Cessna T210N, N1396U, was substantially damaged during a forced landing at Union City, California. The aircraft was cleared for a straight-in approach to runway 28R at Hayward Air Terminal. At 4.5 miles from the runway, the pilot declared an emergency and landed in a residential area. The pilot received minor injuries. The aircraft departed Salinas, California, on a repositioning flight following a partial repaint of the aircraft. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. On December 4, 1998, a postaccident examination of the aircraft and engine was conducted at Hayward, California. Present at the examination were four representatives from the Federal Aviation Administration Oakland Flight Standards District Office, Teledyne Continental Motors, and representatives from the operator of the aircraft. According to maintenance information dated June 1997, a low fuel flow indication report was resolved by flushing fuel through the transducer. Another component of the system was also cleaned and the procedure resolved the condition. The fuel and ignition systems were examined. Initial attempts to blow through the fuel flow transducer were unsuccessful due to a blockage. Subsequently, after several attempts it was possible to blow through the transducer, although it was with a degree of resistance according to the Continental representative. On March 25, 1998, the transducer was functional tested at Shadin Company Incorporated, Louis Park, Minnesota, the manufacturer of the system. According to Shadin, the transducer met the system fuel flow specifications at the time of the test. On May 7, 1998, the transducer was taken to Fowler Inc. for internal examination. Attempts to visually examine the interior by borescope were not possible. The transducer cavity closure/assembly is accomplished with an epoxy. It is not designed to be opened after manufacture. According to the manufacturer of this component of the system, FloScan, the only way to open it is to cut it open or pressurize it apart with nitrogen or hydraulics. The transducer was taken to Tap-Ex Company for an electric metal disentagrator procedure. The procedure allowed access to the transducer turbine cavity without damage to the turbine. The turbine wheel, cavity, and bearing points appeared to be normal and functional. The manufacturer of the transducer component of the system (FloScan) chose not to be involved in the testing/examination. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N1396U](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N1396U-1998-07-16), registration cancelled 1998-07-16, S/N 21064691 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna T210N - Registry model: [Cessna T210N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t210n) (registry code 2073456) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 21064691 - Airframe hours: 1306 - Engines: Continental TSIO-520-R 285 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Positioning, Part 91 - Registered owner: James A. Long - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, October 20, 1997, 2 hours before - Departed: KSNS, SALINAS, CA - Destination: HWD, HAYWARD, CA ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 27; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 1,143 total, 1,090 as pilot in command ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 290° at 7 knots - Visibility: 20 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: HWD, 4 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19971202036939A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19971202036939A), Dec 2, 1997: Cessna T210N, Union City, CA, Substantial damage. Narrative: engine lost power and quit. Subsequent investigation on engine tear down found fuel flow transducer blocked. Part sent to manufacturer for further… ## Docket (12 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 19, 1998, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=30005. 1.8 MB in all. - Pilot Statement (item 1, .PDF, 116 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442836&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Statement-Redacted.PDF - Pilot History Information (item 2, .PDF, 315 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442837&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20History%20Information-Redacted.PDF - Shadin Fuel Flow Pressure Drop Data (item 3, .PDF, 147 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442838&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Shadin%20Fuel%20Flow%20Pressure%20Drop%20Data-Redacted.PDF - Previous Fuel Flow Maintenance (item 4, .PDF, 175 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442839&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Previous%20Fuel%20Flow%20Maintenance-Redacted.PDF - Postaccident Examination Group (item 5, .PDF, 29 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442840&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Postaccident%20Examination%20Group-Redacted.PDF - Chain of Custody Information (item 6, .PDF, 166 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442841&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Chain%20of%20Custody%20Information-Redacted.PDF - Logbook Information (item 7, .PDF, 264 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442842&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Logbook%20Information-Redacted.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 8, .PDF, 420 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442843&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Redacted.PDF - Photo 1. Transducer (item 9, .PDF, 41 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40091604&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201.%20%20Transducer-Master.PDF - Photo 2. Attempt to Boroscope. (item 10, .PDF, 46 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40091605&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202.%20%20Attempt%20to%20Boroscope.-Master.PDF - Photo 3. Transducer after the electric metal disentigration procedure. (item 11, .PDF, 38 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40091606&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203.%20%20Transducer%20after%20the%20electric%20metal%20disentigration%20procedure.-Master.PDF - Photo 4. The plug, turbine, and main body of the transducer. (item 12, .PDF, 34 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40091607&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204.%20%20The%20plug,%20turbine,%20and%20main%20body%20of%20the%20transducer.-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.