# NTSB LAX98LA069: Cessna 195A, N1073D, Tucson, AZ, January 12, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: January 12, 1998, 13:58 local (20:58 UTC) - Place: Tucson, AZ - Coordinates: 32.059986, -111.419975 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=32.0600&lon=-111.4200&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 15, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 30018 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX98LA069 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/30018/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA069 ## Probable cause The student's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control. Factors in this accident were the inadequate supervision of the flight by the flight instructor, and the student's failure to relinquish the aircraft controls in a timely manner. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - on ground/water, landing - roll - weather condition - crosswind - compensation for wind conditions - inadequate, dual student (cause) - directional control - not maintained, dual student (cause) - supervision - inadequate, pilot in command(cfi) (contributing factor) - control interference, dual student (contributing factor) - ground loop/swerve - not corrected - Gear collapsed, landing - roll - landing gear,main gear - overload ## Analysis The CFI was instructing the student pilot on takeoffs and landings, which they had completed several uneventfully. The control tower advised them to change their landings to runway 24R, due to a wind shift. According to the student pilot, the winds were about 300 degrees at 8-10 knots, gusting to about 15 knots. They were rolling out from their landing when a gust of wind made the airplane turn to the right. The CFI stated that the student pilot responded quickly with the opposite rudder, with no apparent results. The flight instructor said he got on the controls and reached for the throttle to add power in an attempt to help regain directional control of the aircraft, however, 'the student's right hand was gripping the throttle tightly and I was physically unable to add power.' The airplane left the runway with a side load, which collapsed the left gear. The airplane dropped off into a 4-foot embankment and came to a sudden stop at the bottom of the embankment. ## Factual narrative On January 12, 1998, at 1358 hours mountain standard time, a Cessna 195A, N1073D, ground looped during landing at Ryan Field, Tucson, Arizona. The aircraft sustained substantial damage, and the certified flight instructor and the student pilot were not injured. The aircraft was owned and operated by the student pilot for a dual instructional flight. The aircraft departed Ryan Field for the local flight at 1335. At the request of the Safety Board, a Federal Aviation Administration Airworthiness Inspector examined the aircraft. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left main landing gear, left wing, aft fuselage/empennage, and left horizontal stabilizer. Additionally, the left main landing fuselage attachment fitting tore through the cabin structure forward of the pilot position. According to an oral statement given to the inspector, the flight instructor stated that they had completed approximately six takeoffs and landings on runway 5L. He said the wind began to favor runway 24 and the tower advised them to switch to runway 24R. After they had landed for the third time on Runway 24R, a gust of wind from the right made the aircraft turn quickly toward the right. The CFI stated that the student pilot responded quickly with the opposite rudder, with no apparent results. The flight instructor said he got on the controls and reached for the throttle to add power in an attempt to help regain directional control of the aircraft, however, "the student's right hand was gripping the throttle tightly and I was physically unable to add power." He said the aircraft continued in a right turn with an increasing side load. The left main tire dug into the soft dirt and the left gear collapsed and folded under the fuselage. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N1073D](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N1073D-2018-06-20), registration cancelled 2018-06-20, S/N 7685, built 1951 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 195A - Registry model: [Cessna 195A](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-195a) (registry code 2073110) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Jacobs R755B series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/jacobs-r755b-series) (registry code 35007, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 7685 - Airframe hours: 2897 - Engines: Jacobs R755B2 275 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: R. C. Manning - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, October 10, 1997, 13 hours before - Departed: RYN - Airport: RYN, Ryan Field, runway 24R, 5,500 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 62; airline transport, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; flight hours: 25,000 total, 150 in this make and model, 24,500 as pilot in command, 200 in the last 90 days, 85 in the last 30 days, 7 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 310° at 8 knots - Visibility: 40 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 18,000 ft broken - Temperature: 63 °F, dew point 37 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: RYN ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19980112000259A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19980112000259A), Jan 12, 1998: Cessna 195A, Tucson, AZ, Substantial damage. Wind gust swerved 195 on landing. Student froze. CFI unable takeover. 195 ground looped. Folded left main gear. (-23) on January 12, 1998, @ 1500 hours MST,… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.