# NTSB LAX99LA256: Cessna 172E, N5784T, Emeryville, CA, July 24, 1999 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 24, 1999, 09:00 local (16:00 UTC) - Place: Emeryville, CA - Coordinates: 37.829185, -122.289451 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.8292&lon=-122.2895&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report July 10, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 46943 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX99LA256 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/46943/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA256 ## Probable cause The pilot's inadequate in-flight planning and inadequate fuel consumption calculations, resulting in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion. Factors were the pilot's failure to have all appropriate flight manuals aboard the airplane and the low cloud ceilings. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, cruise - fluid,fuel - exhaustion (cause) - in-flight planning/decision - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - fuel consumption calculations - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - flight manuals - not available, pilot in command (contributing factor) - weather condition - low ceiling (contributing factor) - Forced landing, emergency landing - airport facilities,runway/landing area condition - roadway/highway - On ground/water collision with object, landing - roll - object - sign (cause) - object - fence ## Analysis The pilot made a forced landing on an interstate highway following a loss of engine power. His destination was overcast with thick clouds so he flew inland and descended to a low altitude to get under them. He turned back toward his destination airport. The airplane was level at 1,500 feet under the overcast about 10 miles north of his destination when the engine power went to zero. The engine restarted and stopped two more times. He setup to land on the highway. He thought he might hit a car, so he pulled the nose up into a full stall. The airplane hit hard; the right wing hit a road sign and spun the airplane into a fence. The pilot had planned about 3 hours en route; actual flight time was 3 hours 40 minutes. Recovery personnel drained no fuel from the right tank and 2 drops of fuel from the left tank. They drained less than 3 ounces from the fuel sump. During a follow-up inspection, investigators supplied the engine with fuel. The engine started and they completed normal run-up checks of the magnetos and propeller. They ran the engine to full power without discovering any discrepancies. The airplane had been modified so that the original 145 horsepower Continental engine had been replaced with a 180 horsepower Textron Lycoming engine with a constant speed propeller. The FAA accident coordinator looked onboard the airplane, but did not find any supplements or changes to the airplane flight manual regarding this engine modification. ## Factual narrative On July 24, 1999, about 0900 hours Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 172E, N5784T, sustained substantial damage when it lost engine power and made a forced landing on Interstate 80 in Emeryville, California. Aerodrome of Redlands, California, operated the rental airplane under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91. The private pilot and one passenger were not injured. The airplane departed Redlands about 0520 en route to Hayward, California, on a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a VFR flight plan had been filed. The pilot stated his destination was overcast with thick clouds so he flew inland to get under them. He was level at 1,500 feet under the overcast about 10 miles north of Hayward, when the power went to zero. The engine started, and then quit two more times. His altitude was about 500 to 600 feet agl, so he set up to land on the interstate highway. The pilot thought he might hit a car, so he pulled the nose up into a full stall. He hit hard, the nose gear collapsed, and he hit a road sign with his right wing. The airplane spun 90 degrees to the right and nosed into a chain link fence. No vehicles on the ground were damaged. Two motorists who observed the accident were pilots. One of them swerved across the lanes of traffic to make a traffic break so that the pilot would have a clear landing path. The airplane's flight manual listed a total capacity of 42 gallons of fuel with 39 gallons of useable fuel. The airplane had an auxiliary fuel tank installed, but the pilot felt he had enough fuel onboard to make the flight without filling it. The airplane had been modified so that the original 145 horsepower Continental engine had been replaced with a 180 horsepower Textron Lycoming engine with a constant speed propeller. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) accident coordinator looked onboard the airplane, but did not find any supplements or changes to the airplane flight manual regarding this modification. The pilot's flight planning estimated the flight would take 3 hours 3 minutes, and that he had 4 hours of fuel onboard. The pilot planned a fuel burn of 9.7 gallons per hour. His actual flight time was about 3 hours 40 minutes. The airplane flight log indicated the tachometer reading at the time of departure was 276.0. The FAA accident coordinator noted a reading of 280.5 after the accident. The pilot noted during his preflight inspection that the right tank was full and the left tank was down about half an inch. He noted in his written statement that the left gauge indicated between the 1/4 and 1/2 levels at the time of the accident. The FAA accident coordinator inspected the airplane at Plain Parts in Sacramento, California, on July 29, 1999. The recovery agent told the coordinator that he drained the fuel system prior to removing the wings during recovery. He recovered no fuel from the right wing, 2 drops of fuel from the left wing, and less than 3 ounces from the fuel sump. The recovery agent placed a can of fuel on top of the wing and plumbed it to the engine. He started the engine after about five revolutions and allowed the engine to idle. He ran the engine up and completed a functional check of the magnetos and propeller. He ran the engine at full power, and then completed a normal shutdown. The coordinator detected no discrepancies during any of the functional checks. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N5784T](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N5784T-2013-06-13), registration cancelled 2013-06-13, S/N 17251684, built 1964 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172E - Registry model: [Cessna 172E](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172e) (registry code 2072412) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental 0-300 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-0-300-series) (registry code 17022, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17251684 - Airframe hours: 3840 - Engines: Continental O-360 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Andy Testman, doing business as Aerodrome - Registered owner: Bradley Thompson, Sue Thompson - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, July 10, 1999 - Departed: L12, REDLANDS, CA - Destination: HWD, HAYWARD, CA - Flight plan: VFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 39; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 119 total, 19 in this make and model, 75 as pilot in command, 60 in the last 90 days, 8 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 280° at 10 knots - Visibility: 25 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,500 ft overcast - Temperature: 61 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: OAK, 7 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19990724009609A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19990724009609A), Jul 24, 1999: Cessna 172E, Berkely, CA, Substantial damage. Enroute from redlands to hayward, CA, on VFR fp, due to low ceiling, pilot stated he was going to headout east and try to get under overcast layer, made an… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.