# NTSB LAX99LA300: Robinson R-22-BETA, N4076Z, Piute, NV, September 9, 1999 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 9, 1999, 11:30 local (18:30 UTC) - Place: Piute, NV - Coordinates: 36.159206, -115.430191 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=36.1592&lon=-115.4302&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed, report August 13, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 47337 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=LAX99LA300 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/47337/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA300 ## Probable cause the failure of the pilot to maintain rotor rpm while practicing autorotations, resulting in a hard landing and roll over. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown - autorotation - initiated, pilot in command - rotor rpm - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis Two flight instructors were practicing autorotations. The last planned autorotation began at 600 feet above ground level (agl) and 70 knots. Turning into the landing area, the pilot was maintaining rotor rpm in the green arc and the airspeed at 60 knots. As he was about to roll onto final, he heard the low rotor rpm horn and saw the rpm drop to 85 percent. As he lowered the collective, he noted he was still descending rapidly and he did not see the rpm increase substantially. He attempted a power recovery and the other pilot tried to help roll on the throttle and lower the collective. At 100 feet with full throttle and the collective lowered, the pilot recognized he would touch down and attempted to flare and lower the descent rate. The rpm remained below 80 percent and the airspeed slowed to 40 knots. He raised the collective to cushion the landing and touched down an estimated 200 feet from his intended landing spot. The helicopter landed hard and rolled over onto its right side. ## Factual narrative On September 9, 1999, about 1130 hours Pacific daylight time, a Robinson R-22-Beta helicopter, N4076Z, sustained substantial damage during a hard landing while practicing autorotations at Piute, Nevada. Extreme Machines Helicopter Services operated the helicopter under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91. The two certified flight instructors who rented the helicopter sustained minor injuries. The personal flight departed North Las Vegas about 1030. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The accident site was located at 36 degrees 20 minutes north latitude and 115 degrees 17 minutes longitude. The instructors stated they were reviewing advanced emergency procedures. They flew to a practice-landing pad and completed a normal landing to determine winds and survey the landing area. They practiced six straight-in autorotations and completed five successful 180-degree autorotations, alternating pilot-in-command duties each time. The last planned autorotation began at 600 feet above ground level (agl) and 70 knots. The pilot said that turning into the landing area he was maintaining rotor rpm (revolutions per minute) in the green arc and the airspeed at 60 knots. As he was about to roll onto final, he heard the low rotor rpm horn and saw the rpm drop to 85 percent. As he lowered the collective, he noted he was still descending rapidly and he did not see the rpm increase substantially. He attempted a power recovery and the other pilot tried to help roll on the throttle and lower the collective. At 100 feet with full throttle and the collective lowered, the pilot recognized he would touch down and attempted to flare and lower the descent rate. He stated that the rotor rpm remained below 80 percent and the airspeed slowed to 40 knots. He raised the collective to cushion the landing and touched down an estimated 200 feet from his intended landing spot. The helicopter landed hard and began to slide. The right skid collapsed, the helicopter rolled onto its right side, and twisted 180 degrees. After sliding approximately 75 feet, the helicopter came to rest heading the opposite direction. Neither the pilot nor the operator submitted a pilot/operator report, NTSB Form 6120.1/2. Certified mail sent to the addresses provided was returned marked undeliverable. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4076Z](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4076Z-2004-02-18), registration cancelled 2004-02-18, S/N 1919, built 1991 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Robinson R-22-BETA - Registry model: [Robinson Helicopter R22 BETA](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r22-beta) (registry code 7640110) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 1919 - Airframe hours: 2795 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-B2C 160 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: James Ramirez - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: VGT ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 21; commercial, flight instructor; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: right; flight hours: 300 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 90° at 5 knots - Visibility: 20 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 88 °F, dew point 50 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: VGT, 10 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19990909044809A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19990909044809A), Sep 9, 1999: Robsin R22BETA, Las Vegas, NV, No damage. (-23) Two helicopter certified flight instructors were practicing autorotaions. They failed to recover on an autorotation, struck the ground, and rolled over. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.