# NTSB MIA00FA060: Robinson R44, N233MP, Cayey, PR, January 3, 2000 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report - Date: January 3, 2000, 14:30 local (18:30 UTC) - Place: Cayey, PR - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 4 uninjured - Status: Completed, report July 17, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 51227 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA00FA060 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/51227/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=51227 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA00FA060 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to use carburetor heat as required by the Pilot's Operating Handbook resulting in a loss of engine and rotor rpm, forced landing to none suitable terrain (residence), and subsequent roll over. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, cruise - normal - powerplant - other - carburetor heat - not used, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - terrain condition - none suitable - Roll over, landing - object - residence ## Analysis The pilot stated he was in cruise flight at 700 feet over a residential area when the helicopter experienced a reported loss of engine and rotor rpm. The pilot did not activate the carburetor heat as required by the pilot operating handbook. The pilot lowered the collective pitch and increased throttle with negative results. He initiated a forced landing to a field but realized he would not be able to reach it. He made a forced landing to a residential carport. The right skid slipped through the roof, the aircraft rolled over on its right side and the main rotor blades collided with the roof. Examination of the airframe and flight controls revealed no evidence of a precrash mechanical failure or malfunction. The engine assembly was removed and mounted in a dynamometer test cell. The engine was started and produced engine power. ## Factual narrative On January 3, 2000, at about 1430 Atlantic standard time, a Robinson R44, N233MP, registered to Heli-Secure Corporation, operated by Avietch, as a 14 CFR Part 91 demonstration flight crashed during a forced landing in the vicinity of Cayey, Puerto Rico. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The helicopter sustained substantial damage. The commercial pilot and three passengers reported no injuries. The flight originated from San Juan, Puerto Rico, about 1 hour before the accident. The commercial pilot stated he was in cruise flight over a residential area between 500 to 700 feet and about 70 to 80 knots, when the helicopter experienced a loss in rotor and engine rpm. He lowered the collective pitch and increased throttle with negative results. The helicopter was descending; he observed power lines to his front and an open field to his right. He started a right turn towards the field, but realized he could not make it. He saw a steel carport adjacent to a house, and made a forced landing to the carport. The helicopter touched down on the car port, the aircraft set level for about two seconds when the right skid slipped through the tin roof causing the helicopter to roll over on its right side, and the main rotor blades collided with the roof. (For additional information see NTSB pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report and Statement FAA Aviation Safety Inspector Statement an attachment to this report.) The wreckage of N233MP was transported to Robinson Helicopter Company for further examination. The wreckage arrived in a sealed container on February 15,2000, and was examined by the NTSB and parties to the NTSB investigation on March 27, 2000. Examination of the airframe and flight control assembly revealed no evidence of a precrash mechanical failure or malfunction. The engine assembly was mounted in a dynamometer test cell on March 28, 2000. The engine produced corrected power of 252 horsepower at 2,800 rpm which exceeds the R44 derated requirements of 225 horsepower 5-minute takeoff rating and maximum continuous rating of 205 horsepower at 2,692 rpm. After the test run, the engine was examined for leaks, cracks, or other anomalies. None were found. The engine did not exhibit any excessive heat discoloration or evidence of excessive oil consumption. The Robinson Helicopter Pilot's Operating Handbook contains policies regarding the use of carburetor heat. The handbook states: "If an unexplained drop in manifold pressure or rpm occurs, apply full carb heat for about one minute and check for an increase in manifold pressure or rpm. Regardless of CAT gauge temperature, apply full carb heat prior to reducing power for descent or autorotation." The carb heat control was found in the cold (off) position and the pilot stated in his pilot report that he did not use carb heat and suspected that might be the cause for the engine power loss. (For additional information see NTSB Powerplant Group Chairman's Factual Report and Textron Lycoming Air Safety Investigation Aircraft Mishap Report Field Notes an attachment to this report.) The wreckage of N233MP was released to Mr. Sherwood Bresler, Robison Helicopter Company on May 29, 2001. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N233MP](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N233MP-2018-01-03), registration cancelled 2018-01-03, S/N 0619, built 1999 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Robinson R44 - Registry model: [Robinson Helicopter R44](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44) (registry code 7640120) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-540-series) (registry code 41532, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 0619 - Airframe hours: 139 - Engines: Lycoming O-540-F-1B 205 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 91 - Operator: Avietch - Registered owner: Heli-Secure Corporation - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, November 5, 1999, 39 hours before - Departed: SIG, SAN JUAN, PR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 44; commercial; instrument ratings: helicopter; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; flight hours: 5,000 total, 111 in this make and model, 4,800 as pilot in command ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 60° at 14 knots, gusting 20 - Visibility: 2 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,300 ft broken - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 73 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: SJU ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20000103006489A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20000103006489A), Jan 3, 2000: Robsin R44, Cayey, PR, No damage. (-23) To determine the cause of the power loss, the helicopter is being returned to the Robinson factory to have the engine run on their dyamometer. ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 11, 2001, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=51227. 5.8 MB in all. - Supplement S - Aircraft Occupant and Injured Ground Personnel (item 1, .PDF, 69 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40141602&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20S%20-%20Aircraft%20Occupant%20and%20Injured%20Ground%20Personnel-Master.PDF - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 2, .PDF, 830 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40471515&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Reports from Federal Agencies (FAA Inspector Statement) (item 3, .PDF, 376 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40471516&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Reports%20from%20Federal%20Agencies%20(FAA%20Inspector%20Statement)-Master.PDF - Powerplants 8 - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 4, .PDF, 4.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40471517&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Powerplants%208%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Master.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 5, .PDF, 89 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40471518&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Master.PDF - Reports from Parties to the Investigation (Textron Lycoming Excerpt) (item 6, .PDF, 195 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40471519&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Reports%20from%20Parties%20to%20the%20Investigation%20(Textron%20Lycoming%20Excerpt)-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 7, .PDF, 65 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40471520&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.