# NTSB MIA00LA031: Cessna 175-235, N7145M, Mint Hill, NC, November 29, 1999 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 28, 1999, 21:00 local (Nov 29, 1999, 02:00 UTC) - Place: Mint Hill, NC - Coordinates: 35.189231, -80.650062 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.1892&lon=-80.6501&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 13, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 47832 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA00LA031 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/47832/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA00LA031 ## Probable cause The PIC's improper preflight fuel planning and preparation and the PIC's improper en route fuel consumption calculations resulting in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion and damage to the aircraft during the subsequent forced landing. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, go-around (vfr) - preflight planning/preparation - improper, pilot in command (cause) - fuel consumption calculations - improper, pilot in command (cause) - fluid,fuel - exhaustion - In flight collision with terrain/water, emergency landing - terrain condition - none suitable ## Analysis Following about 2.5 hours of banner towing in the Washington, DC/Baltimore area, the flight landed at Mitchellville, Maryland, and pumped 21 to 22 gallons of fuel aboard for the return to their home base of Goose Creek Airport, Mint Hill, North Carolina. The landing approach to Goose Creek appeared high, and the PIC decided to go around for a second attempt. As power was being added for the go around, the engine quit and the PIC gave the controls to the SIC/safety pilot, who conducted a forced landing to a vacant field. A total of 5 to 10 gallons was found in the wreckage, and the type certificate data sheets state that 9 gallons is unusable. The engine operated satisfactorily during a factory test cell run. ## Factual narrative On November 28, 1999, about 2100 eastern standard time, a Cessna 175, N7145M, registered to a private individual, dba Aerial Sign Advertising, operating as a Title 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight, crashed while attempting a go-around at Goose Creek Airport, Mint Hill, North Carolina. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The airplane sustained substantial damage, and the private-rated pilot and a commercially-rated safety pilot/passenger were not injured. The flight originated from Mitchellville, Maryland, about 2 hours 45 minutes before the accident. According to the pilot-in-command, his landing approach was too high and as he added power in preparation for a go-around maneuver the engine quit. Despite the safety pilot/passenger's taking control and performing the emergency procedures for an airborne engine failure, they were not able to regain engine power. One step that was attempted was to switch the fuel selector from "both" to "left" tank. During the subsequent forced landing, the airplane clipped two high tension wires and landed in a field, collapsing the nose landing gear. The PIC stated that the right tank was empty, and the left tank was between a third and quarter full. According to the Director of Operations, (DO) for Aerial Sign Advertising, the flight was a return to base after 2.5 hours of aerial sign towing in the Baltimore/Washington, DC area. Prior to the return flight, 20 to 21 gallons of 100LL was pumped aboard N7145M, and was not visually confirmed by the PIC or the safety pilot/passenger. According to the DO, 5 to 10 gallons of fuel was contained in the left tank and the right tank was empty at the wreckage site. Uncontaminated fuel was found in the gascolator, fuel lines, and the carburetor at the wreckage site. Additionally, the DO stated that the airplane had undergone an engine change per STC SA122NW, (Substitution of Teledyne Continental Motors, (TCM) O-470 engine, McCauley propeller, engine mount, cowling, baffles and associated parts for the factory installed GO-300 engine series) and had developed a tendency to "suck out of the right tank" more so than the left tank when the fuel selector was on the "both" position. According to the FAA inspector who responded to the accident call, the aircraft came to rest upright and the wings sustained impact damage but no fuel tank breaching. The wing tanks contained "trace" fuel in the right tank and "several gallons" in the left tank. The fuel selector was in the "left" position, but the SIC stated he had positioned it there from the "both" position after the engine quit. Field examination of the wreckage revealed good spark at the spark plugs, fuel in the carburetor bowl, and functional engine cockpit controls. The TCM O-470J engine, serial no. 202206-R, was removed from the wreckage and shipped, with accompanying maintenance records, to the TCM factory for failure analysis. According to the TCM Engine Analysis Report, engine logs revealed that TCM rebuilt the engine on May 31, 1997, and the engine was subsequently installed on N7145M. With FAA oversight and adjusting for superficial impact damage, the engine was mounted in a test cell, and engine start up was immediate and smooth. After warm up, the engine accelerated smoothly and produced rated power. TCM specifications for magneto checks and jam accelerations were met. The engine exhibited no condition that would have caused an operational problem. The type certification data sheets for the Cessna 175 aircraft state the fuel capacity is 52 gallons in two 26-gallon wing tanks. The data sheets also state that of the 52 gallon total, 43 gallons is usable and 9 gallons is unusable. The PIC's statement as to fuel remaining at the time of the engine stoppage being 1/3 to 1/4 full in the left tank computes to about 8.6 gallons to 6.5 gallons. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N7145M](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N7145M-2013-05-21), registration cancelled 2013-05-21, S/N 55445 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 175-235 - Registry model: [Cessna 175](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-175) (registry code 2072502) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 55445 - Airframe hours: 3800 - Engines: Continental O-470-J 225 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Rick B. Macaluso - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, November 26, 1999, 20 hours before - Departed: W00, MITCHELLVILLE, MD - Destination: 28A, GOOSE CREEK, NC - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: 28A, Goose Creek, runway 22, 2,300 × 100 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 23; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 203 total, 11 in this make and model, 155 as pilot in command, 11 in the last 30 days, 6 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 150° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 54 °F, dew point 43 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: CLT, 21 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19991128047059A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19991128047059A), Nov 28, 1999: Cessna 175, Indian Trail, NC, Substantial damage. (.4)Following about 2.5 hours of banner towing in the washingto n, dc/baltimore area, the flight landed at mitchellville, Maryland, and pumped 21 to 22 gallons… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.