# NTSB MIA03FA007: Cessna 172M, N9840V, Coral Springs, FL, October 27, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: October 27, 2002, 13:30 local (18:30 UTC) - Place: Coral Springs, FL - Coordinates: 26.335832, -80.291114 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=26.3358&lon=-80.2911&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal, 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 25, 2003 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FAA FSDO, Cessna Aircraft Company - NTSB case key (mKey): 55985 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA03FA007 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/55985/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA03FA007 ## Probable cause (aircraft 2) The failure of the dual students and flight instructors on both N9840V and N6101F to see and avoid each other, which resulted in a midair collision. ## Probable cause (aircraft 1) The failure of the dual students and flight instructors on both N9840V and N6101F to see and avoid each other, which resulted in a midair collision. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Midair collision, cruise - normal - visual lookout - inadequate, flightcrew (cause) - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - ground - Midair collision, cruise - normal - visual lookout - inadequate, flightcrew (cause) - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing ## Analysis (aircraft 2) The student pilot flying N6101F, a Cessna 172N, said that he and his flight instructor were proceeded southeast bound at an altitude of 2,000 feet toward the "WSBR 740 AM radio tower, and as they approached the "740 tower", suddenly an airplane appeared very close, in the right corner of their airplane's windshield, having come from behind the blind spot created by their airplane's right wing. He said it looked as if the pilot of the other airplane saw them about the same time, and thinks that both he and the other pilot immediately initiated right turns in an attempt to avoid each other. He said that as he initiated the right turn the other airplane appeared to effectively travel across his airplane's wind shield from right to left, remaining just above the glare shield covering his airplane's instrument panel. He said he then felt the impact of his airplane's left wing colliding with some portion of the other airplane, and his airplane "tumbled", and entered a spin to the left. During the spin, he said he saw another airplane about 250 to 300 feet below him, and it appeared to be inverted. The instructor on N6101F confirmed what the student stated and said that he immediately took control of the airplane and made an emergency landing on a dirt road. The other airplane in the collision, N9840V, a Cessna 172M, impacted the ground at a near vertical angle, and was destroyed. Initial examination of N9840V showed that the outboard portion of the right horizontal stabilizer/elevator segment, as well the vertical stabilizer/rudder assembly, had detached from the empennage of N9840V. In addition, examination N9840V's vertical stabilizer/rudder that had detached revealed a scrape/crease, stretching from the leading edge, aft through the length of the stabilizer/rudder assembly. The wing of N6101F also had a scrape mark which originated 49 inches from the root of the left wing outboard, and a gouge/hole then commenced about 6 inches outboard of the scrape mark at station 136, and continued along the undersurface of the wing, aft at an angle of about 53 degrees with respect to the leading edge, to the main spar, terminating at station 172. The missing left elevator counterweight/11- by 7.25-inch section that had been missing from the aft portion of N9840V's elevator had penetrated the wing of N6101F, creating the gouge and wedging itself at station 172 in the wing of N6101F. As the counterweight had traveled through the wing during the collision, the spar and ribs located at stations 154 and 172 had fractured. There was paint transfer on the left side of N9840V's stabilizer/rudder in the area the scrape/gouge consistent with an impact with N6101F, as well as on the outboard leading edge of the left wing on N6101F. ## Analysis (aircraft 1) The student pilot flying N6101F, a Cessna 172N, said that he and his flight instructor were proceeded southeast bound at an altitude of 2,000 feet toward the "WSBR 740 AM radio tower, and as they approached the "740 tower", suddenly an airplane appeared very close, in the right corner of their airplane's windshield, having come from behind the blind spot created by their airplane's right wing. He said it looked as if the pilot of the other airplane saw them about the same time, and thinks that both he and the other pilot immediately initiated right turns in an attempt to avoid each other. He said that as he initiated the right turn the other airplane appeared to effectively travel across his airplane's wind shield from right to left, remaining just above the glare shield covering his airplane's instrument panel. He said he then felt the impact of his airplane's left wing colliding with some portion of the other airplane, and his airplane "tumbled", and entered a spin to the left. During the spin, he said he saw another airplane about 250 to 300 feet below him, and it appeared to be inverted. The instructor on N6101F confirmed what the student stated and said that he immediately took control of the airplane and made an emergency landing on a dirt road. The other airplane in the collision, N9840V, a Cessna 172M, impacted the ground at a near vertical angle, and was destroyed. Initial examination of N9840V showed that the outboard portion of the right horizontal stabilizer/elevator segment, as well the vertical stabilizer/rudder assembly, had detached from the empennage of N9840V. In addition, examination N9840V's vertical stabilizer/rudder that had detached revealed a scrape/crease, stretching from the leading edge, aft through the length of the stabilizer/rudder assembly. The wing of N6101F also had a scrape mark which originated 49 inches from the root of the left wing outboard, and a gouge/hole then commenced about 6 inches outboard of the scrape mark at station 136, and continued along the undersurface of the wing, aft at an angle of about 53 degrees with respect to the leading edge, to the main spar, terminating at station 172. The missing left elevator counterweight/11- by 7.25-inch section that had been missing from the aft portion of N9840V's elevator had penetrated the wing of N6101F, creating the gouge and wedging itself at station 172 in the wing of N6101F. As the counterweight had traveled through the wing during the collision, the spar and ribs located at stations 154 and 172 had fractured. There was paint transfer on the left side of N9840V's stabilizer/rudder in the area the scrape/gouge consistent with an impact with N6101F, as well as on the outboard leading edge of the left wing on N6101F. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 2) Same as narrative for MIA03FA007A. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 1) HISTORY OF FLIGHT On October 27, 2002, about 1331 eastern standard time, a Cessna 172M, N9840V, registered to Power Systems LTD, Inc., and operated by American Flying Club Inc. as a Title 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight, and a Cessna 172N, N6101F, registered to a private individual, and operated by Airborne Systems Inc., as a Title 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight, collided while in cruise flight in Coral Springs, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plans were filed for either flight. N9840V was destroyed, and the private-rated dual student and the commercial-rated flight instructor received fatal injuries. N6101F incurred substantial damage, and the private-rated dual student and the commercial-rated flight instructor received no injuries. Both flights originated from Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, the same day, with N9840V having departed about 1245, and N6101F, about 1253. According to the dual student on N6101F, he and his flight instructor had been flying in a practice area west of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and they had performed "8's on pylons and lazy 8's", as part of the commercial maneuvers training in pursuit of an FAA commercial pilot certificate. The student said he was the pilot flying N6101F, and they were proceeding southeast bound at an altitude of 2,000 feet, on a 120-degree magnetic bearing to the "WSBR 740 AM radio tower." As they neared the "740 tower", he said they were receiving needle fluctuations on N6101F's ADF indicator, indicative of them being very close to the tower, when all of a sudden, an airplane appeared very close, in the right corner of their airplane's windshield, having come from behind the blind spot created by their airplane's right wing. He said it looked as if the pilot of the other airplane saw them about the same time, and thinks that both he and the other pilot immediately initiated right turns in an attempt to avoid the other. The student further stated that as he initiated the right turn, the other airplane appeared to effectively travel across his airplane's windshield from right to left, remaining just above the glare shield covering his airplane's instrument panel. He said that as his instructor yelled "oh", and he simultaneously turned the airplane hard to the right, he noticed an object that was dark on the face of the pilot in the other airplane, but added that he was not sure whether it was a pair of sunglasses or an instrument training view limiting device. He said he then felt the impact of his airplane's left wing colliding with some portion of the other airplane, and his airplane "tumbled", and entered a spin to the left. During the spin, he said he saw another airplane about 250 to 300 feet below him, and it appeared to be inverted. The instructor on N6101F stated that upon seeing the other airplane close aboard, he immediately took control of the airplane from his student, and recovered from the spin. He then made emergency communication transmissions to advise others of the situation, and affected an emergency landing to a dirt road paralleling the then busy Sawgrass Expressway. The other airplane in the collision, N9840V impacted a dirt road in a rock quarry in the vicinity of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, in unincorporated Palm Beach County, and was destroyed on impact. PERSONNEL INFORMATION Records obtained from the airplane operator, as well as the FAA showed that the dual student on N9840V held a private pilot certificate with a single-engine land rating, issued on April 20, 2000. He also held a second class medical certificate issued on October 10, 2001 with no limitations, and had accumulated about 200 hours total flight experience, with about 30 flight hours within the last 90 days. According to information obtained from the owner of American Flying Club, Inc., the dual student and flight instructor on N9840V were on an instrument training flight, in preparation for the dual student's upcoming FAA instrument flight test for the instrument rating, when the accident occurred. The flight instructor on N9840V held a commercial pilot as well as a flight instructor certificate with airplane single engine, airplane multiengine, and instrument ratings. The instructor's commercial pilot certificate was issued on May 30, 2001, and the flight instructor certificate was last issued on July 22, 2002. The flight instructor also possessed an advanced ground instructor certificate. He had accumulated about 1528 hours of total flight experience, with about 270 flight hours in the last 90 days. FAA records showed that the dual student on N6101F held a private pilot certificate with airplane single engine and instrument ratings, issued on July 16, 2002. He also held a third-class medical certificate issued on February 7, 2001, with the stated limitation that he must wear corrective lenses. At the time of the accident he had accumulated about 130 flight hours, with about 11 flight hours having been completed in the last 90 days. The flight instructor on N6101F held a commercial pilot certificate with airplane single and multi engine land and instrument ratings, as well as a flight instructor certificate, last issued on July 19, 2002, with airplane single engine land and instrument ratings. He held a first class medical certificate, issued on May 15, 2002, with the limitation that he must wear corrective lenses for near vision, and he had accumulated a total flight time of 519 flight hours, with about 218 flight hours having been flown in the last 90 days. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION N9840V was a 1975 model Cessna 172M, serial number 17264526. The airplane was registered to Power Systems Limited Inc., and was being operated by American Flying Club, Inc. Records obtained from the operator showed that N9840V had received a 100-hour inspection on September 12, 2002, and at that time it had a total flight time of about 13819 hours. The airplane was equipped with a 150 horsepower Lycoming O-320-E2D engine, serial number L40023-27A. The engine was last overhauled on August 14, 2000, at 1820.9 hours. The airplane was equipped with a McCauley propeller, model number 1C160/DTM 7553, serial number 725867. N6101F is a 1980 Cessna 172N, serial number 17273149, and records obtained from the operator showed that at the airplane had received a 100-hour inspection on October 16, 2002, and at the time of the inspection it had accumulated about 6257.0 flight hours. The airplane was equipped with a 150 horsepower Lycoming O-320-H2AD engine, serial number RL-6525-76T. The engine was last overhauled on November 28, 2001, at 4610.0 flight hours, and it was equipped with a McCauley propeller, model number 1C160/DTM 7557, serial number 735235. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport (FXE) 1353 surface weather observation was, 3,000 feet scattered, visibility 10 statute miles, wind from 110 degrees at 7 knots, temperature 86 degrees F, dew point temperature 70 degrees F, altimeter setting 29.98 inHg. COMMUNICATIONS There were no reported problems with communications on N6101F. According to both pilots onboard, a short time earlier, they had communicated their intentions on frequency 123.45, stating that they were departing the practice area, and was proceeding southeast bound, and their communications had been acknowledged by occupants of the other airplane. Both pilots in N6101F said they heard no other radio communications after they had communicated their intentions on the radio. In addition, immediately after the collision, the flight instructor on board N6101F declared and emergency and his radio communications call was received. The cockpit and instrumentation on N9840V was destroyed and no frequency settings could be obtained from the wreckage. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The wre ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N9840V](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N9840V-2017-07-14), registration cancelled 2017-07-14, S/N 17264526, built 1974 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172M - Registry model: [Cessna 172M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172m) (registry code 2072418) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17264526 - Airframe hours: 13819 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-E2D 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: American Flying Club Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, September 12, 2002, 86 hours before - Departed: FXE, Fort Lauderdale, FL - Destination: FXE ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N6101F](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N6101F-2013-04-25), registration cancelled 2013-04-25, S/N 17273149, built 1979 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172N - Registry model: [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n) (registry code 2072434) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17273141 - Airframe hours: 6257 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-H2AD 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Airborne Systems Inc. - Registered owner: Carlos A. Jimenez - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, October 16, 2002, 25 hours before - Departed: FXE, Fort Lauderdale, FL - Destination: FXE ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot, aircraft N9840V; age 28; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review April 24, 2002; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 200 total, 150 in this make and model, 150 as pilot in command, 30 in the last 90 days, 23 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours - Flight instructor, aircraft N9840V; age 30; injuries: fatal; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review July 22, 2002; seat: right; toxicology performed; flight hours: 1,528 total, 1,000 in this make and model, 1,338 as pilot in command, 270 in the last 90 days, 108 in the last 30 days, 6 in the last 24 hours - Pilot, aircraft N6101F; age 25; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review July 16, 2002; seat: left; flight hours: 130 total, 125 in this make and model, 82 as pilot in command, 11 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours - Flight instructor, aircraft N6101F; injuries: none - Flight instructor, aircraft N6101F; age 56; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review July 10, 2002; seat: right; flight hours: 519 total, 214 in this make and model, 464 as pilot in command, 210 in the last 90 days, 102 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 110° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 86 °F, dew point 70 °F - Altimeter: 29.97 inHg - Observed at: FXE, 10 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (2) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20021027038551A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20021027038551A), Oct 27, 2002: Cessna 172M, Ft Lauderdale, FL, Destroyed, 2 fatal. (-23) On October 27, 2002, about 1330 eastern standard time, a Cessna 172M, N9840V, registered to power systems ltd, inc., and operated by American flying club… - [Accident 20021027038552A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20021027038552A), Oct 27, 2002: Cessna 172N, Ft Lauderdale, FL, Substantial damage. (-23) Per NTSB report MIA03FA007A: on October 27, 2002, about 1330 eastern standard time, a Cessna 172M, N9840V, registered to power systems ltd, inc., and… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.