# NTSB MIA08FA044: Robinson R44, N18HB, Ochopee, FL, January 22, 2008 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: January 22, 2008, 12:34 local (17:34 UTC) - Place: Ochopee, FL - Coordinates: 25.861389, -80.880554 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=25.8614&lon=-80.8806&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed, report May 28, 2008 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Robinson helicopter, Miami FSDO-19, Textron Lycoming - NTSB case key (mKey): 67408 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA08FA044 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/67408/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA08FA044 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control while maneuvering. Contributing to the accident were a tailwind condition and the pilot's inadequate in-flight planning/decision. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Wind: tailwind](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034015): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Not specified (probable cause); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034015/cases.md?model=7640120), [All aircraft, 594 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034015/cases.md) - [Planning/preparation: weather planning](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061020): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061020/cases.md?model=7640120), [All aircraft, 156 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061020/cases.md) - [Terrain](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021000): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021000/cases.md?model=7640120), [All aircraft, 267 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021000/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44, 40 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=7640120), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44, 43 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=7640120), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44, 56 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=7640120), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis A witness stated he observed the helicopter at a hover above the grass; north and parallel to the taxiway, short of the runway 27 hold line. The helicopter went up very fast to an altitude of about 200 feet and made a right turn above runway 27, into a tailwind, in a nose down attitude. The tail of the helicopter turned 45 degrees to the left side of the runway. The helicopter made a roll to the left and became inverted. The rotor blades stopped and the helicopter continued the roll to the left until it became right side up, and descended in a nose down, left turn colliding with the ground. The pilot attended factory training for the R22 helicopter, and his instructor stated in the general comments, "Hi time airplane pilot still thinks airplane." Examination of the airframe, flight controls, and engine assembly and accessories revealed no anomalies. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On January 22, 2008, at 1234 eastern standard time, (unless otherwise noted, all times are based on a 24 hour clock) a Robinson R44, N18HB, registered to Alex Mill Developments Inc., collided with the ground while maneuvering over runway 27 at the Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport, in the vicinity of Ochopee, Florida. The personal flight was conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91 with no flight plan filed. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and the helicopter received substantial damage. The airline transport rated pilot, and private pilot passenger were fatally injured. The flight departed Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport on January 22, 2008, at 1233. A witness who was working at the Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport, mowing the grass, stated the helicopter had been practicing takeoffs and landings between 20 minutes to 1 hour. He observed the helicopter at a hover above the grass; north and parallel to the taxiway, short of the runway 27 hold line. The helicopter went up very fast to an altitude of about 200 feet and made a right turn above runway 27 in a nose down attitude. The tail of the helicopter turned 45 degrees to the left side of the runway. The helicopter made a roll to the left and became inverted. The rotor blades stopped and the helicopter continued the roll to the left until it became right side up and descended in a nose down, left turn colliding with the ground and catching fire, followed by an explosion. The daughter of the registered owner stated the airline transport pilot had been giving her father flight instruction in rotary wing aircraft, and the daughter of the airline transport pilot confirmed her statement. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The airline transport pilot, age 64, located in the left front seat, held a foreign based commercial pilot certificate issued on October 24, 1980, with ratings for airplane single engine land and airplane single engine sea. The certificate was issued on basis of and valid only when accompanied by his Canadian pilot license. In addition, the pilot was issued an airline transport pilot certificate on June 27, 2003, with ratings for airplane multiengine land, commercial pilot, rotorcraft helicopter, and private pilot with ratings for airplane single engine land, and airplane single engine sea. The pilot held a Cessna 525S type rating with the limitation, "This certificate is subject to pilot-in-command limitation for Cessna 525S." The pilot did not have a flight instructor certificate. The pilot held a first class medical certificate issued on April 24, 2007, with no medical restrictions. The pilot indicated on his application for the first class medical certificate that he had 13,000 total flight hours. Review of the Pilot History Form dated August 11, 2007, for insurance on the accident helicopter revealed the pilot indicated his last flight review was on July 30, 2007. According to a helicopter flight instructor, the pilot completed a helicopter flight review in the R44 on August 17, 2007, along with 1.5 hours of ground instruction and 2.3 hours of flight instruction. The pilot indicated he had 660 rotary wing hours, of which 585 hours were in the Robinson R22 and 15 hours were in the R44. The pilot's logbook was not located. Review of training records obtained from Robinson Helicopter Company revealed the pilot attended a Flight Instructor Safety and Refresher Clinic from November 9, 2003 through November 13, 2003. The flight instructor providing instruction to the pilot listed the following comments on flight maneuvers that were conducted during the training: MANEUVERS PROFICIENY COMMENTS Low RPM Recovery Average None Settling With Power Below Average Slow Recognition Straight Autos Below Average To Fast 180 Autos Below Average Fast Hovering Autos Average None Simulated Engine Out Average None Overall Handling and maneuvering Average None Attitude Average None Knowledge Average None The flight instructor wrote the following general comment. "Hi time airplane pilot still thinks airplane." The pilot was issued a Robinson Helicopter Company Pilot Safety Course Certificate of Completion on November 13, 2003. The pilot rated passenger, age 74, located in the right front seat, held a private pilot certificate issued on January 31, 1983, with ratings for airplane single engine land, and airplane single engine sea. The certificate was issued on basis of and valid only when accompanied by his Canadian pilot license. The pilot did not hold a rotorcraft helicopter rating. The pilot's Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) medical certificate was denied on June 18, 2007, due to the pilot's failure to provide additional medical information requested by the FAA Aerospace Medical Certification Division. Transport Canada granted a medical certificate to the pilot on July 27, 2006. The pilot's daughter stated her father had bypass surgery in 2004 or 2005. The pilot reported on his application for the medical certificate that he had accumulated 6,650 total flight hours. The pilot rated passenger's logbook was not located. The pilot's total time in the R44 and his last flight review was not determined. Review of the Pilot History Form dated August 11, 2007, for insurance on the accident helicopter revealed the pilot indicated his last flight review was in June 2006. The pilot indicated the date of his last FAA medical was in July 2007. The pilot indicated he had between 50 to 100 hours of helicopter flight time, of which 15 hours were in the R44 with a Robinson Chilean Chief flight instructor, 15 hours in an R22 with the deceased airline transport pilot, 10 additional hours in an R44 with "S. Diaz" in Santiago, Chile, and 65 hours in the Robinson R44 Astro. In addition, the pilot indicated he had an instrument rating. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The Robinson R44 is a four place, single main rotor, single engine helicopter constructed primarily of metal and equipped with a skid type landing gear, serial number 0634 manufactured on July 21, 1999. A Lycoming O-540-F1B5, 260 hp engine, powered the helicopter. Review of the logbooks revealed the helicopter was transported to Europe on July 21, 1999, and had 7.3 total hours. The helicopter returned to the United States on June 2, 2005 and had 2,115 hours. A United States Standard Airworthiness Certificate was issued in the normal category on June 3, 2005. The engine was overhauled on May 24, 2007, and the engine was zero timed. The engine was reinstalled on the helicopter during the 2,200-hour overhaul and an annual inspection was conducted on June 21, 2007. The helicopter had a total of 2,180 hours at the last annual inspection. The previous owner of the helicopter stated it had been flown between 90 to 95 hours since the last annual inspection. The helicopter was topped off at Banyan Air Service, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on January 22, 2008; with 34.8 gallons of 100 low lead fuel at 11:12 AM. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION The 1253 surface weather observation at Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida, located 33 nautical miles southeast of the crash site was: wind 080-degrees at 15 knots, visibility 10 miles, 2,100 broken, 13,000 overcast, temperature 26 degrees Celsius, dew point temperature 18 degrees Celsius, and altimeter 30.21. AIRPORT INFORMATION Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport is located at a field elevation of 13 feet. Runway 27 is 10,499 feet long and 150 feet wide. The taxiway at the hold short line for runway 27 is on a heading of 155 degrees magnetic. The airline transport pilot obtained a Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport Aircraft Use Permit issued effective August 28, 2007, through August 28, 2008. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The helicopter wreckage was located 10 feet left of runway 27 on a heading of 210 de ## Aircraft - Registration: [N18HB](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N18HB-2017-06-07), registration cancelled 2017-06-07, S/N 0634, built 1999 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Robinson R44 - Registry model: [Robinson Helicopter R44](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44) (registry code 7640120) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-540F1 SERIE](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-540f1-serie) (registry code 41531, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 0634 - Airframe hours: 2275 - Engines: Lycoming O-540-F1B5 260 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Donald S. Mills - Registered owner: Alex Mill Development Corporation - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 1, 2007, 95 hours before - Departed: KTNT, Ochoppe, FL - Airport: KTNT, Dade-Collier T and T Airport, runway 27, 10,499 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 63; injuries: fatal; airline transport, commercial, private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review July 1, 2007; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 13,000 total, 15 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 80° at 15 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,100 ft broken - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 64 °F - Altimeter: 30.20 inHg - Observed at: KMIA, 33 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20080122014309A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20080122014309A), Jan 22, 2008: Robsin R44, Miami, FL, Destroyed, 2 fatal. (-23) On January 22, 2008 on about 1234 eastern standard time, a Robinson R-44, N18HB, registered to alex mill development corp. and operated by the pilots… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.