# NTSB MIA91FA075: Cessna 210L, N210GC, Orlando, FL, January 28, 1991

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report
- Date: January 28, 1991, 05:06 local (10:06 UTC)
- Place: Orlando, FL
- Coordinates: 28.499959, -81.079597 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=28.5000&lon=-81.0796&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: Fatal
- Injuries: 1 fatal
- Status: Completed, report March 31, 1993
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 32743
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA91FA075
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/32743/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91FA075

## Probable cause

THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN AIRCRAFT CONTROL IN INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS AND HIS SPATIAL DISORIENTATION. FACTORS WERE A FAILURE OF THE VACUUM PUMP AND THE PILOT'S LACK OF RECENT EXPERIENCE IN PARTIAL PANEL INSTRUMENT FLYING OR TRAINING.

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Loss of control - in flight, approach
  - vacuum system - failure,total (contributing factor)
  - aircraft control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause)
  - lack of recent experience in type operation, pilot in command (contributing factor)
  - spatial disorientation, pilot in command (cause)
- In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled
  - object - tree(s)

## Analysis

THE PILOT REPORTED A VACUUM PUMP FAILURE TO HIS COMPANY OPERATIONS AND AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL BY AIRPLANE RADIO.  WHILE BEING VECTORED FOR AN ILS BACKCOURSE APPROACH IN INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS, THE AIRPLANE COLLIDED WITH TERRAIN.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N210GC](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N210GC-1991-03-04), registration cancelled 1991-03-04, S/N 21060682 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 210L
- Registry model: [Cessna 210L](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-210l) (registry code 2073448) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 21060682
- Engines: CONTINENTAL IO-520-L-4-B 285 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Destroyed
- Flight: Part 135
- Operator: Flight Express
- Registered owner: Flight Express
- Departed: FXE, FORT LAUDERDALE, FL
- Flight plan: IFR

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 30; commercial, private, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; toxicology performed; flight hours: 3,261 total, 1,848 in this make and model, 2,708 as pilot in command, 353 in the last 90 days, 197 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Night/bright
- Wind: 200° at 15 knots
- Visibility: 7 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 500 ft broken
- Temperature: 68 °F, dew point 68 °F
- Altimeter: 29.00 inHg
- Observed at: ORL, 12 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19910128001209A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19910128001209A), Jan 28, 1991: Cessna 210L, Orlando, FL, Destroyed, 1 fatal. Lost vacuum pump initial IFR approach. Lost control hit trees. Pump shaft sheared.

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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