# NTSB MIA93LA079: Aeronca KCA, N1938K, Bunnell, FL, February 28, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: February 28, 1993, 13:25 local (18:25 UTC) - Place: Bunnell, FL - Location: 29.4661° N, 81.2578° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs: center of Bunnell, FL, within about 7 miles (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=29.4661&lon=-81.2578&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 10, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 33235 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA93LA079 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/33235/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA079 ## Probable cause (aircraft 2) IMPROPER PROCEDURES BY THE OTHER PILOT FOR HIS FAILURE TO PERFORM 'S' TURNS WHILE TAXIING. ## Probable cause (aircraft 1) IMPROPER PROCEDURES BY THE AERONCA PILOT FOR FAILURE TO 'S' TURN WHILE TAXIING TO INSURE THAT THERE WERE NO OBSTRUCTIONS AHEAD. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water collision with object, taxi - from landing - object - other - procedures/directives - improper, pilot in command (cause) - On ground/water collision with object, standing - engine(s) operating - object - aircraft moving on ground - procedures/directives - improper, pilot of other aircraft (cause) ## Analysis (aircraft 2) THE CESSNA PILOT STOPPED HER AIRPLANE AFTER OBSERVING TWO AIRPLANES AHEAD WHICH WERE TAXIING IN FORMATION APPROACHING HEAD ON. THE LEAD PILOT MANEUVERED HIS AIRPLANE TO THE RIGHT TO AVOID HER AIRPLANE BUT THE OTHER AIRPLANE, AN AERONCA, WHICH WAS IN LEFT ECHELON POSITION, CONTINUED STRAIGHT AHEAD. THE PILOT DID NOT PERFORM 'S' TURNS, & THE AERONCA COLLIDED WITH THE CESSNA. ## Analysis (aircraft 1) THE AERONCA AIRPLANE & ANOTHER AIRPLANE LANDED & WERE TAXIING IN FORMATION WITH THE AERONCA AIRPLANE IN THE LEFT ECHELON POSITION. AHEAD, A STUDENT PILOT IN A CESSNA STOPPED HER AIRPLANE AFTER SEEING BOTH AIRPLANES APPROACHING HEAD ON. THE LEAD PILOT MANEUVERED HIS AIRPLANE TO THE RIGHT TO AVOID THE CESSNA BUT THE AERONCA PILOT CONTINUED TAXIING STRAIGHT AHEAD WITHOUT PERFORMING 'S' TURNS. THE AERONCA AIRPLANE THEN COLLIDED WITH THE STOPPED CESSNA. ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N1938K](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N1938K), registered now, S/N KCA-35 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: AERONCA KCA - Registry model: [Aeronca KCA](https://openairdocs.org/model/aeronca-kca) (registry code 0190406) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental A50 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-a50-series) (registry code 17002, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: KCA-35 - Airframe hours: 1589 - Engines: CONTINENTAL A-50 50 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Brannon, John D. - Registered owner: Brannon, John D. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, October 15, 1992 - Departed: OMN, ORMOND BEACH, FL - Airport: X47, Flagler County ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N738KW](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N738KW), registered now, S/N 17270047, built 1977 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172N - Registry model: [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n) (registry code 2072434) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17270047 - Airframe hours: 3330 - Engines: LYCOMING O-360-A4M 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Wing & Rotor Club Of Palm Cst. - Registered owner: Wing & Rotor Club Of Palm Cst. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility - Last inspection: Annual, February 7, 1993, 9 hours before - Departed: X47 - Airport: X47, Flagler County ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot, aircraft N1938K; age 54; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 736 total, 136 in this make and model, 692 as pilot in command, 37 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 24 hours - Pilot, aircraft N738KW; age 50; student; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 140 total, 78 in this make and model, 5 as pilot in command, 13 in the last 90 days, 3 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 30° at 10 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 61 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg ## FAA reports on this event (2) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19930228006151A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930228006151A), Feb 28, 1993: Trytek KCA, Bunnell, FL, Substantial damage. While taxiing for takeoff struck N738KW head on that was holding on edge of taxiway. Failed to s turn to see ahead. - [Accident 19930228006152A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930228006152A), Feb 28, 1993: Cessna 172N, Bunnell, FL, Substantial damage. While holding for 2 inbound KCAS was struck head on by N1938K whose pilot failed to s turn to ascertain clear ahead From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.