# NTSB MIA93LA202: Cessna 172M, N20457, Hollywood, FL, September 22, 1993

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report
- Date: September 22, 1993, 18:00 local (22:00 UTC)
- Place: Hollywood, FL
- Coordinates: 26.029371, -80.239318 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=26.0294&lon=-80.2393&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 1 uninjured
- Status: Completed, report October 20, 1994
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 37398
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA93LA202
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/37398/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA202

## Probable cause

INADVERTENT EXCEEDING OF VFE WITH THE FLAPS EXTENDED BY THE STUDENT PILOT WHILE PRACTICING MANEUVERS.

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, maneuvering
  - airspeed(vfe) - exceeded, pilot in command (cause)
  - wing,spar - distorted

## Analysis

WHILE PRACTICING APPROACH TO LANDING STALLS THE STUDENT INADVERTENTLY EXCEEDED THE MAXIMUM FLAP EXTENSION SPEED WITH THE FLAPS EXTENDED AND THE REAR SPAR WAS DAMAGED.

## Factual narrative

On September 22, 1993, about 1800 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 172M, N20457, registered to Knight Flyers, Inc., was substantially damaged while maneuvering near Hollywood, Florida, while on a 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight.  Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed.  The student pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured.  The time of departure has not been determined.

The operator stated that the student was practicing approach to landing stalls with full flaps extended and the maximum flap extension speed was exceeded.  The flight returned to the departure airport and an uneventful landing occurred.

The FAA was notified on June 3, 1994, by the airport manager that the accident airplane had been damaged and repaired.  The FAA investigated and notified this office on June 15, 1994.  The airplane was inspected by an insurance adjuster the day after the accident and the operator was advised by the adjuster to contact the NTSB to report the accident.  The operator did not report the accident within the required time allowed.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N20457](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N20457), registered now, S/N 17261303, built 1972 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 172M
- Registry model: [Cessna 172M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172m) (registry code 2072418) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 17261303
- Airframe hours: 4527
- Engines: LYCOMING O-320-D2G 160 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Registered owner: Knight Flyers, Inc.
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility; Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: 100 hour, September 16, 1993, 6 hours before

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 46; student; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 88 total, 60 in this make and model, 23 in the last 90 days, 13 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 70° at 8 knots
- Visibility: 15 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none
- Altimeter: 30.00 inHg
- Observed at: HWO

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19930922052339A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930922052339A), Sep 22, 1993: Cessna 172M, Hollywood, FL, Substantial damage. Damaged flaps by extending above maximum flap speed.

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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