# NTSB MIA94IA217: Cessna 402C, N63PB, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, September 26, 1994 - Type: NTSB incident investigation - Classification: Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report - Date: September 26, 1994, 10:30 local (14:30 UTC) - Place: Ft. Lauderdale, FL - Coordinates: 26.090642, -80.150352 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=26.0906&lon=-80.1504&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 7 uninjured - Status: Completed, report December 7, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 37443 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA94IA217 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/37443/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94IA217 ## Probable cause The first officer's failure to maintain directional control on landing roll out due to improper use of brakes, resulting in the airplane veering off the runway, and subsequent on-ground collision with a runway light and sign. Contributing to the incident was the failure of the return spring in the right master brake cylinder, and the failure of the first officer to relinquish the flight controls when requested by the pilot-in- command. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, landing - roll - landing gear,normal brake system - failure,partial (contributing factor) - Loss of control - on ground/water, landing - roll - directional control - not maintained, other crewmember (cause) - relinquishing of control - not performed, other crewmember (contributing factor) - On ground/water collision with object, landing - roll - object - runway light ## Analysis THE FIRST OFFICER FLYING FROM THE LEFT SEAT LANDED SLIGHTLY LEFT OF CENTERLINE ON THE RUNWAY. THE CHECK AIRMAN NOTICED THEY WOULD BE UNABLE TO TURN OFF AT THE DESIGNATED TAXIWAY, AND INSTRUCTED THE FIRST OFFICER TO SLOW DOWN AND CONTINUE THE ROLL OUT TO THE NEXT TAXIWAY. THE FIRST OFFICER STATED HIS BRAKES WERE NOT OPERATING PROPERLY, AND THE AIRPLANE STARTED TO DRIFT TO THE LEFT. THE CHECK AIRMAN STATED, 'I HAVE THE CONTROLS,' BUT WAS UNABLE TO UTILIZE HIS BRAKES DUE TO THE FIRST OFFICER APPLYING BRAKES OVERRIDING THE CHECK AIRMAN'S BRAKES. THE AIRLANE DEPARTED THE RUNWAY 200 FEET FROM THE END OF THE RUNWAY, AND COLLIDED WITH A TAXIWAY LIGHT AND SIGN. EXAMINATION OF THE BRAKE SYSTEM BY THE CHIEF MAINTENANCE INSPECTOR FOR THE AIRLINE, REVEALED THE RETURN SPRING IN THE RIGHT MASTER CYLINDER WAS BROKEN, AND THE LOCK-O-SEAL WAS LEAKING. ## Factual narrative On September 26, 1994, about 1030 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 402C, N63PB, operated by Airways International, as a 14 CFR Part 135 scheduled domestic/international passenger flight, veered to the left on landing rollout at the Fort Lauderdale Hollywood International, and collided with a runway light and sign about 200 feet before the end of the runway. The airplane sustained minor damage. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and an instrument flight plan was filed. The airline transport-rated first officer, airline transport-rated check airman, and five passengers were not injured. The flight originated from Freeport, Bahamas, about 50 minutes before the incident. The check airman stated the first officer landed the airplane slightly left of centerline on runway 9 right. He noticed they would not be able to exit the runway at the D-4 taxiway, and instructed the first officer to slow the airplane down. The first officer informed him that the brakes were not working properly. He informed the first officer to extend his landing rollout to the next turn off. The airplane rolled past the D-4 taxiway, and started to drift to the left side of the runway. He informed the first officer two times, "I have the aircraft controls, and tried to utilize my right brake to keep the airplane on the runway. Both of my brakes seemed inoperative, which was a result of Cpt. Schauder having his feet on the brakes and my having only a mechanical linkage to his brakes, it made mine inoperative....With my brakes inoperative the aircraft continued off the runway." The first officer stated he relinquished the controls as requested, and did not continue to pump the brakes. Examination of the brake system by the chief maintenance inspector for Airways International Inc., revealed the return spring in the right master cylinder was broken, and the lock-o- seal was leaking, causing the master cylinder to leak or experience a loss in effective braking. In addition, the pilot applying brakes from the left side has full control. The right side brakes can not override the left side brakes if the left side brakes are applied. The Director of Operations for Airways International Inc., stated in a letter to the NTSB dated October 11, 1994, that the Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report submitted to the NTSB listed the first officer as the pilot-in-command. This information was entered in error due to misinterpretation of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 135.244, and he requested that the report be corrected to show the check airman as the pilot-in-command. ## Aircraft - Registration: N63PB (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 402C - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 402C0335 - Airframe hours: 15386 - Engines: CONTINENTAL TSIO-520-VB 325 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Minor damage - Flight: Part 135 - Registered owner: Airways International - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, September 14, 1994, 36 hours before - Departed: MYGF, FREEPORT, OF - Destination: FLL - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: FLL, Hollywood Int, runway 9R, 4,956 × 100 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 53; airline transport, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; flight hours: 8,260 total, 1,690 in this make and model, 7,000 as pilot in command, 290 in the last 90 days, 90 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 170° at 10 knots - Visibility: 15 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 12,000 ft broken - Temperature: 86 °F, dew point 75 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: FLL ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Incident 19940926034099I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940926034099I), Sep 26, 1994: Cessna 402C, Ft Lauderdale, FL, Minor damage. Check airman noticed brakes weak. SIC tried also unable. Veered into sign. Right brake spring broke. Both on brakes From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.