# NTSB MIA94LA023: Piper PA-60, N91WW, Orlando, FL, November 15, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 15, 1993, 07:18 local (12:18 UTC) - Place: Orlando, FL - Coordinates: 28.560731, -81.349662 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=28.5607&lon=-81.3497&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report September 13, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 37459 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA94LA023 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/37459/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA023 ## Probable cause (aircraft 2) THE FAILURE OF THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND OF THE OTHER AIRCRAFT TO MAINTAIN A VISUAL LOOKOUT AND CLEARANCE BETWEEN AIRCRAFT. ## Probable cause (aircraft 1) THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN VISUAL LOOKOUT AND CLEARANCE BETWEEN AIRCRAFT. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water collision with object, taxi - object - aircraft parked/standing - visual lookout - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - On ground/water collision with object, standing - engine(s) operating - object - aircraft moving on ground - visual lookout - not maintained, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - clearance - not maintained, pilot of other aircraft (cause) ## Analysis (aircraft 2) The pilot stated while parked in the engine runup area adjacent to runway 07, he heard an engine that sounded like it was doing a runup. He looked towards the sound and observed a Piper Aerostar taxiing right at him. The Aerostar pilot was looking down instead of outside. He attempted to move his airplane out of the way, but the Aerostar collided with his airplane. ## Analysis (aircraft 1) WHILE TAXIING TO THE ENGINE RUNUP AREA ADJACENT TO RUNWAY 07, THE PILOT OBSERVED TWO OTHER AIRPLANES PARKED ONE BEHIND THE OTHER IN THE RUNUP AREA. THE PILOT STATED GROUND FOG WAS PRESENT AND THE SUN WAS DIRECTLY IN HIS EYES. AS HE TAXIED INTO THE RUNUP AREA, HE COLLIDED WITH THE SECOND AIRPLANE. THE PILOT OF THE OTHER AIRPLANE STATED THE PILOT OF N91WW WAS OBSERVED LOOKING DOWN INSIDE HIS AIRPLANE WHEN THE COLLISION OCCURRED. OFFICIAL SUNRISE WAS 06:52 AND THERE WAS LIGHT FOG IN THE AREA. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 2) Same as narrative MIA94LA023A. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 1) On November 15, 1993, at about 0718 eastern standard time, a Piper PA-60, N91WW, registered to Cherokee Leasing Inc., operating as a 14 CFR part 135 on-demand air taxi flight collided with a Cessna 172, N1753V, registered to Flight Express Inc., operating as a 14 CFR part 91 aerial observation flight, while taxiing. Both airplanes sustained substantial damage. Both commercial pilots and one passenger in the Cessna 172 were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. An IFR flight plan was filed by the Cherokee Express pilot, and no flight plan was filed by the Flight Express pilot. Both flights were originating at Orlando Executive Airport. The pilot-in-command of the Cherokee Express airplane stated in an interview with the NTSB investigator-in-charge that he observed two Cessna airplanes in the runup area for runway 07 as he was taxiing to the same runup area. The Cessna airplanes had their engines running, and were parked one behind the other. Upon entering the runup area the pilot stated there was some ground fog and the sun was directly in his eyes. The pilot observed a Cessna airplane which he thought was the front airplane, which in reality was the rear airplane. He continued to turn and collided with the airplane. The pilot-in-command of the Flight Express airplane stated in a written statement, I was parked in the ramp area waiting for takeoff clearance clear of taxiway golf. I heard an engine that sounded like it was doing a runup. I saw an Aerostar coming right at me. I saw the pilot looking down and the left prop coming right for my left wing and fuel tank. At this time I tried to move away from the Aerostar to prevent impact. The Aerostar never stopped and ran right into me. The nearest weather reporting facility at the time of the accident was on the Orlando Executive Airport, Orlando, Florida. There were no reported restrictions to visibility at the time of the accident. Review of sun and moon information for the Orlando Executive Airport, revealed official sunrise was at 06:52. ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N91WW](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N91WW-2004-03-11), registration cancelled 2004-03-11, S/N 60-0262-105, built 1975 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-60 - Registry model: [Smith AEROSTAR 600](https://openairdocs.org/model/smith-aerostar-600) (registry code 8360602) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 60-0262-105 - Airframe hours: 4550 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-540K-1F5 290 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 135 - Registered owner: Cherokee Leasing Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: AAIP, November 14, 1993, 0 hours before - Departed: ORL - Destination: TLH, TALLAHASSEE, FL - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: ORL, Orlando Executive Airport ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N1753V](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N1753V-2017-06-30), registration cancelled 2017-06-30, S/N 17263738, built 1974 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172M - Registry model: [Cessna 172M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172m) (registry code 2072418) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17263738 - Airframe hours: 8752 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320-E2D 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Aerial observation, Part 91 - Registered owner: Flight Express Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility; Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, October 23, 1993, 10 hours before - Departed: ORL - Destination: ORL - Airport: ORL, Orlando Executive Airport ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot, aircraft N91WW; age 29; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 2,712 total, 99 in this make and model, 2,455 as pilot in command, 220 in the last 90 days, 165 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours - Pilot, aircraft N1753V; age 23; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 1,030 total, 250 in this make and model, 840 as pilot in command, 150 in the last 90 days, 50 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 80° at 4 knots - Visibility: 3 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 68 °F, dew point 68 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: ORL, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (2) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19931115046131A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19931115046131A), Nov 15, 1993: Piper PA60600, Orlando, FL, Substantial damage. During taxi for takeoff struck N1753V a 172 that was in runup area waiting for departure. Blamed blinded by sun. - [Accident 19931115046132A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19931115046132A), Nov 15, 1993: Cessna 172M, Orlando, FL, Substantial damage. In runup area waiting takeoff was struck from behind by N91WW that was taxiing for takeoff. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.