# NTSB MIA94LA068: Cessna 172RG, N9346D, Orlando, FL, February 6, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: February 6, 1994, 13:38 local (18:38 UTC) - Place: Orlando, FL - Coordinates: 28.569694, -81.31916 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=28.5697&lon=-81.3192&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 23, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 37491 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA94LA068 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/37491/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA068 ## Probable cause (aircraft 2) THE FAILURE OF THE STUDENT PILOT TO FOLLOW INSTUCTIONS GIVEN BY GROUND CONTROL AND THE FAILURE OF BOTH PILOTS TO MAINTAIN PROPER OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE BETWEEN AIRCRAFT. ## Probable cause (aircraft 1) THE FAILURE OF THE STUDENT PILOT TO FOLLOW INSTUCTIONS GIVEN BY GROUND CONTROL AND THE FAILURE OF BOTH PILOTS TO MAINTAIN PROPER OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE BETWEEN AIRCRAFT. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water collision with object, taxi - object - aircraft moving on ground (contributing factor) - atc clearance - not followed, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - clearance - not maintained, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - On ground/water collision with object, taxi - object - aircraft moving on ground (contributing factor) - atc clearance - not followed, pilot in command (cause) - clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - clearance - not maintained, pilot of other aircraft (cause) ## Analysis (aircraft 2) THE PRIVATE PILOT WAS TAXIING EASTBOUND FROM THE RAMP TO THE ACTIVE RUNWAY AND THE STUDENT PILOT WAS TAXIING IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION WHEN BOTH LEFT WING TIPS COLLIDED. GROUND CONTROLLERS INSTRUCTED THE STUDENT TO USE A PARALLEL TAXIWAY BUT THE STUDENT PILOT DID NOT COMPLY WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS. ## Analysis (aircraft 1) THE PRIVATE PILOT WAS TAXIING EASTBOUND FROM THE RAMP TO THE ACTIVE RUNWAY AND THE STUDENT PILOT WAS TAXIING IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION WHEN BOTH LEFT WING TIPS COLLIDED. GROUND CONTROLLERS INSTRUCTED THE STUDENT TO USE A PARALLEL TAXIWAY BUT THE STUDENT PILOT DID NOT COMPLY WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 2) The same as narrative for MIA94LA068A. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 1) On February 6, 1994, about 1338 eastern standard time, a Cessna 172RG, N9346D, and a Cessna 172P, N54729, were involved in an on-ground collision while taxiing at Orlando Executive Airport, Orlando, Florida. Both airplanes were registered to Orlando Aero Club Incorporated. N9346D was operating as a 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight and N54729 was operating as a 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plans were filed. Both airplanes were substantially damaged and both pilots reported no injuries. N9346D was initiating a flight at the time of the accident, and N54729 was taxiing back to the ramp after noticing a shimmy in the nose gear. The pilot of N9346D stated that he was cleared to taxi to the active runway via taxiway Alpha. The other aircraft was also on taxiway Alpha heading in the opposite direction and was told to bear right around an island that separates taxiway Alpha and Juliet. The other aircraft remained on taxiway Alpha. The pilot of N54729 stated that she was taxiing on Alpha when the controllers at Orlando Air Traffic Control Tower, ground control position, informed both aircraft to stay as far right as possible. After the collision the controller advised that they had intended for her to be on the right of the island, she did not recall those instructions. ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N9346D](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N9346D), registered now, S/N 172RG1129, built 1982 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172RG - Registry model: [Cessna 172RG](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172rg) (registry code 2072438) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming O&VO-360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-o-vo-360-series) (registry code 41514, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 01129 - Airframe hours: 5526 - Engines: LYCOMING O-360-F1A6 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Orlando Aero Club Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 16, 1993, 340 hours before - Departed: ORL - Destination: ORL, FL - Airport: ORL, Orlando Executive ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N54729](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N54729-2012-08-22), registration cancelled 2012-08-22, S/N 17275040 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172P - Registry model: [Cessna 172P](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172p) (registry code 2072436) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17275040 - Airframe hours: 7906 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320-D2J 160 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Orlando Aero Club Inc. - Registered owner: Orlando Aero Club, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility - Last inspection: Annual, July 23, 1993, 324 hours before - Departed: ORL - Destination: ORL, FL - Airport: ORL, Orlando Executive ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot, aircraft N9346D; age 45; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 1,066 total, 75 in this make and model, 961 as pilot in command, 13 in the last 90 days, 9 in the last 30 days - Pilot, aircraft N54729; age 21; student; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 83 total, 56 in this make and model, 28 as pilot in command, 16 in the last 90 days, 3 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 240° at 12 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 4,000 ft broken - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 64 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: ORL ## FAA reports on this event (2) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940206001672A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940206001672A), Feb 6, 1994: Cessna 172RG, Orlando, FL, Substantial damage. Taxi for takeoff saw N54729 same taxiway opposite direction. Was advised to stay right to clear traffic. Collided. - [Accident 19940206001671A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940206001671A), Feb 6, 1994: Cessna 172P, Orlando, FL, Substantial damage. Taxi to ramp failed to deviate to other side island due outbound N9346D. Twr then advised 172 stay right. Collided. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.