# NTSB MIA94LA185: Cessna 152, N68165, Bunnell, FL, July 27, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 27, 1994, 10:50 local (14:50 UTC) - Place: Bunnell, FL - Location: 29.4661° N, 81.2578° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs: center of Bunnell, FL, within about 7 miles (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=29.4661&lon=-81.2578&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 18, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 37579 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA94LA185 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/37579/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA185 ## Probable cause THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND'S IMPROPER USE OF CARBURETOR HEAT. THE CARBURETOR ICING CONDITIONS WERE A FACTOR. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(partial) - nonmechanical, maneuvering - weather condition - carburetor icing conditions (contributing factor) - carburetor heat - improper use of, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - fuel system,carburetor - ice - Forced landing, descent - emergency - Nose over, landing - roll ## Analysis The certified flight instructor (CFI) was demonstrating a forced landing to a student pilot. The CFI entered the maneuver at 1,200 feet agl by reducing the throttle to the idle position, and applying carburetor heat. At 800 feet agl he cleared the engine and began a power recovery at 500 feet agl. When he increased power he noted no response. He reduced throttle to the idle position, increased throttle, reduced throttle to the idle position with negative results. He verified the position of the fuel selector valve and made a forced landing to an open field. On landing rollout the airplane nosed over. Examination of the engine and accessories revealed no evidence of a precrash failure or malfunction. The engine was started and developed power. Review of the icing probability chart indicates serious icing at glide power based on the weather conditions at the accident site. ## Factual narrative On July 27, 1994, about 1050 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 152, N68165, registered to Phoenix East Aviation Inc., operating as a 14 CFR Part 141 instructional flight, crashed in the vicinity of Bunnell, Florida. The airplane sustained substantial damage. The commercial pilot/certified flight instructor (CFI), and student pilot were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The flight originated from Daytona Beach, Florida, about 1 hour 30 minutes before the accident. The CFI stated he was demonstrating a simulated engine failure with a power recovery to the student pilot. He entered the maneuver at 1,200 feet agl by reducing the throttle to the idle position, and turning the carburetor heat on. While passing through 800 feet agl, he cleared the engine, and continued with the maneuver. At 500 feet agl, he increased throttle and noticed no response. He reduced the throttle to the idle position, increased throttle, and returned the throttle to idle position with negative results. The position of the fuel selector valve was verified, and a forced landing was made to an open field. On landing rollout the airplane nosed over, and came to a complete stop inverted. Examination of the engine assembly and accessories by Phoenix East Aviation, in the presence of the FAA revealed no evidence to indicate a precrash failure or malfunction. The engine was started and developed power. Review of the probability carburetor icing chart revealed that the engine would encounter serious icing at glide power based on the weather conditions at the time of the accident. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N68165](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N68165), registered now, S/N 15282157, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 152 - Registry model: [Cessna 152](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-152) (registry code 2071835) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-235 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-235-series) (registry code 41505, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15282157 - Airframe hours: 8135 - Engines: LYCOMING O-235-L2C reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Phoenix East Aviation Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility - Last inspection: 100 hour, July 8, 1994, 68 hours before - Departed: DAB, DAYTONA BEACH, FL ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 26; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: right; flight hours: 500 total, 230 in this make and model, 250 as pilot in command, 90 in the last 90 days, 30 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 86 °F, dew point 73 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: DAB, 250 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940727027169A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940727027169A), Jul 27, 1994: Cessna 152, Bunnell, FL, Substantial damage. Idled engine. Put on carb heat for simulated engine out demo. No engine responce on go around. Nosed over landing. ## Other investigations on N68165 (2) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB FTW80FRG24](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW80FRG24), Feb 9, 1980: Cessna 152 (N68165), Beeville, TX, substantial damage - [NTSB FTW78DRG72](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW78DRG72), Sep 15, 1978: Cessna 152 (N68165), Three Rivers, TX, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.