# NTSB MIA95LA090: Cessna 177, N3470T, Miami, FL, March 17, 1995

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report
- Date: March 17, 1995, 11:00 local (16:00 UTC)
- Place: Miami, FL
- Coordinates: 25.649459, -80.410499 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=25.6495&lon=-80.4105&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 2 uninjured
- Status: Completed, report August 23, 1995
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 37741
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA95LA090
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/37741/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA090

## Probable cause

The pilot-in-command's/CFI improper supervision of the dual student during a simulated short field approach for landing. This resulted in an in-flight loss of control (inadvertent stall), and subsequent hard landing.

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Loss of control - in flight, approach - vfr pattern - final approach
  - supervision - inadequate, pilot in command(cfi) (cause)
  - stall - inadvertent, dual student
- Hard landing, descent - uncontrolled
  - terrain condition - runway

## Analysis

The student pilot was making a simulated short field approach for landing with a certified flight instructor. The CFI instructed the student pilot to lower the nose of the airplane. The student pilot overcompensated, pulled back on the flight controls, and stalled the airplane, resulting in a hard landing.

## Factual narrative

On March 17, 1995, about 1100 eastern standard time, N3470T, a Cessna 177, registered to and operated by Gordon Air Service landed hard at Tamiami Airport, Miami, Florida, while on a 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for the local flight. The airplane was substantially damaged and the instructor and student pilot reported no injuries. The flight had originated from the same airport about 1 hour earlier.

The instructor stated the student was making a simulated barrier approach. He informed the student to lower the nose. The student overcompensated, pulled back on the flight controls, and stalled the airplane, resulting in a hard landing.

The accident was reported to the NTSB on March 20, 1995.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N3470T](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N3470T), registered now, S/N 17700770, built 1968 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: Cessna 177
- Registry model: [Cessna 177](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-177) (registry code 2073704) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Airframe hours: 2868
- Engines: Lycoming O-320-E2D 150 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Registered owner: Gordon Air Service
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: 100 hour, November 11, 1994, 88 hours before
- Departed: TMB, FL
- Airport: TMB, Kendall-Tamiami Executive, runway 9, 5,000 × 150 ft, asphalt

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 37; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; flight hours: 600 total, 51 in this make and model, 560 as pilot in command, 50 in the last 90 days, 7 in the last 30 days

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 170° at 7 knots
- Visibility: 7 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none
- Temperature: 73 °F, dew point 70 °F
- Altimeter: 30.00 inHg
- Observed at: TMB, 1 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19950317013959A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19950317013959A), Mar 17, 1995: Cessna 177, Miami, FL, Substantial damage. Barrier approach too slow. Student over compensated correction, stalled and dropped to runway. CFI unable correct.

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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