# NTSB MIA96LA027: Piper PA-23-150, N2114P, Ocala, FL, November 22, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 22, 1995, 15:00 local (20:00 UTC) - Place: Ocala, FL - Coordinates: 29.159669, -82.210052 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=29.1597&lon=-82.2101&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 4 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 1, 1996 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 37948 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA96LA027 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/37948/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA027 ## Probable cause (aircraft 2) THE FAILURE OF THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND (CFI) OF THE CESSNA, N210PW, TO SEE AND AVOID THE PIPER, N2114P. ## Probable cause (aircraft 1) THE FAILURE OF THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND (CFI) OF THE CESSNA, N210PW, TO SEE AND AVOID THE PIPER, N2114P. ## Analysis (aircraft 2) THE CFI IN THE PA-23, N2114P, STATED THAT HIS STUDENT HAD EXECUTED THE LOCALIZER APPROACH TO RUNWAY 36, AND HAD ANNOUNCED ON THE CTAF THAT THE FLIGHT WAS ON A 4 THEN 1 MILE FINAL FOR A TOUCH-AND-GO RUNWAY 36. AFTER THE TOUCH-AND-GO, AND DURING THE UPWIND LEG, THE CFI STATED THAT HE FELT A JOLT SIMILAR TO THAT OF A SEVERE UPDRAFT. HE OBSERVED DAMAGE TO THE AIRPLANE, AND TOOK THE CONTROLS AND LANDED UNEVENTFULLY AT ANOTHER AIRPORT. THE CFI IN THE CESSNA, N210PW, STATED THAT HIS INSTRUMENT STUDENT WAS EXECUTING THE LOCALIZER APPROACH TO RUNWAY 36, AND DURING THE APPROACH, HE OBSERVED THE PIPER ABOUT 2 MILES AHEAD DESCENDING FOR RUNWAY 36 AND ALSO WHEN IT WAS ON THE RUNWAY. THE STUDENT CONTINUED THE APPROACH, AND WHILE AT THE MDA ABOUT 5 SECONDS BEFORE THE TIME EXPIRED FOR THE MISSED APPROACH POINT, THE STUDENT OBSERVED AN AIRPLANE BELOW AND TO THE LEFT OF THEIR AIRPLANE. THE STUDENT ROLLED THE AIRPLANE TO THE RIGHT AND FELT AN IMPACT. THE CFI TOOK THE CONTROLS AND LANDED UNEVENTFULLY AT THE OCALA AIRPORT. ## Analysis (aircraft 1) THE CFI IN THE PA-23, N2114P, STATED THAT HIS STUDENT HAD EXECUTED THE LOCALIZER APPROACH TO RUNWAY 36, AND HAD ANNOUNCED ON THE CTAF THAT THE FLIGHT WAS ON A 4 THEN 1 MILE FINAL FOR A TOUCH-AND-GO RUNWAY 36. AFTER THE TOUCH-AND-GO, AND DURING THE UPWIND LEG, THE CFI STATED THAT HE FELT A JOLT SIMILAR TO THAT OF A SEVERE UPDRAFT. HE OBSERVED DAMAGE TO THE AIRPLANE, AND TOOK THE CONTROLS AND LANDED UNEVENTFULLY AT ANOTHER AIRPORT. THE CFI IN THE CESSNA, N210PW, STATED THAT HIS INSTRUMENT STUDENT WAS EXECUTING THE LOCALIZER APPROACH TO RUNWAY 36, AND DURING THE APPROACH, HE OBSERVED THE PIPER ABOUT 2 MILES AHEAD DESCENDING FOR RUNWAY 36 AND ALSO WHEN IT WAS ON THE RUNWAY. THE STUDENT CONTINUED THE APPROACH, AND WHILE AT THE MDA ABOUT 5 SECONDS BEFORE THE TIME EXPIRED FOR THE MISSED APPROACH POINT, THE STUDENT OBSERVED AN AIRPLANE BELOW AND TO THE LEFT OF THEIR AIRPLANE. THE STUDENT ROLLED THE AIRPLANE TO THE RIGHT AND FELT AN IMPACT. THE CFI TOOK THE CONTROLS AND LANDED UNEVENTFULLY AT THE OCALA AIRPORT. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 2) On November 22, 1995, about 1500 eastern standard time, a Cessna T210N, N210PW, registered to White Mountain, Inc., collided with a Piper PA-23-150, N2114P, at the Ocala Regional/Jim Taylor Field Airport, Ocala, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for either flight. Both flights were operating as 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flights. The Cessna airplane sustained minor damage and the certified flight instructor (CFI) and private-rated student were not injured. The Piper airplane was substantially damaged and the CFI and commercial-rated student were also not injured. The Cessna flight originated about 1430, from the Ocala Airport. The Piper flight originated about 1437, also from the Ocala Airport. The CFI of the Cessna stated that his instrument student was executing a practice localizer approach to runway 36 and the Piper airplane was observed ahead. The student of the Cessna announced on the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) of the intention of performing a low approach, and descended to the minimum descent altitude of 480 feet mean sea level (msl). The CFI further stated that he observed the Piper land on runway 36. The student in the Cessna stated that about 5 seconds before the time had expired to reach the missed approach point, he observed the Piper airplane beneath and to the left of their airplane. The student banked the Cessna to the right and then felt an impact. The CFI of the Cessna took control of the airplane and landed uneventfully at the Ocala Airport. Two witnesses on the airport at the time of the accident stated that the midair collision occurred about 480 feet msl, about 3/4 of the way down the departure end of runway 36. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 1) On November 22, 1995, about 1500 eastern standard time, a Piper PA-23-150, N2114P, collided with a Cessna T210N, N210PW, registered to White Mountain, Inc., at the Ocala Regional/Jim Taylor Field Airport, Ocala, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for either flight. Both flights were operating as 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flights. The Piper airplane was substantially damaged and the certified flight instructor (CFI) and commercial-rated student were not injured. The Cessna airplane sustained minor damage and the CFI and private-rated student were not injured. The Piper flight originated about 1437, from the Ocala Regional Airport. The Cessna flight originated about 1430, also from the Ocala Airport. The CFI of the Piper stated that his instrument student was executing a practice localizer approach to runway 36. The student stated that he advised on the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) when the flight was 4 miles and 1 mile from the airport, touch-and-go runway 36. The student performed a touch-and-go landing then while climbing during the upwind leg, about 480 feet mean sea level (msl), he felt an impact. The CFI stated that immediately after the impact he observed that the right horizontal stabilator was deformed down and took control of the airplane. He elected to fly to where the airplane is based, at the Williston Municipal Airport and landed uneventfully. Two witnesses on the airport at the time of the accident stated that the midair collision occurred at about 480 feet msl, and about 3/4 of the way down the departure end of runway 36. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Midair collision, climb - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - Midair collision, approach - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N2114P](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N2114P), registered now, S/N 23-705 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-23-150 - Registry model: [Piper PA-23-150](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-23-150) (registry code 7102303) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 23-705 - Airframe hours: 6893 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320-A3B 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Robert J. Pratt - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 30, 1995, 95 hours before - Departed: OCF - Airport: OCF, Ocala Regional, runway 36, 6,906 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N210PW](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N210PW), registered now, S/N 21064343, built 1981 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA T210N - Registry model: [Cessna T210N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t210n) (registry code 2073456) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental TSIO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-tsio-520-series) (registry code 17040, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 21064343 - Engines: CONTINENTAL TSIO-520R 310 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Minor damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Gordon Degeest - Registered owner: White Mountain, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 25, 1995, 60 hours before - Departed: OCF - Airport: OCF, Ocala Regional, runway 36, 6,906 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot, aircraft N2114P; age 52; commercial, airline transport, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; flight hours: 7,730 total, 1,189 in this make and model, 7,669 as pilot in command, 186 in the last 90 days, 48 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours - Pilot, aircraft N210PW; age 62; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane, helicopter; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; flight hours: 24,000 total, 200 in this make and model, 20,000 as pilot in command, 163 in the last 90 days, 78 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 340° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 63 °F, dew point 25 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: GNV, 31 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (2) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19951122041741A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19951122041741A), Nov 22, 1995: Piper PA23150, Ocala, FL, Substantial damage. Instrument dual on LOC. Landed began go around climbed into impact with N210PW also on IFR dual on missed approach. - [Accident 19951122041742A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19951122041742A), Nov 22, 1995: Cessna T210N, Ocala, FL, Minor damage. IFR dual on missed approach collided with N2114P making t and g after LOC approach. Plane higher had right of way. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.