# NTSB MIA96LA172: Charles Raymond Glasair 2SFT, N16CD, Apalachicola, FL, June 30, 1996 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: June 30, 1996, 10:45 local (14:45 UTC) - Place: Apalachicola, FL - Coordinates: 29.719861, -84.99047 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=29.7199&lon=-84.9905&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report May 23, 1997 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38040 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA96LA172 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38040/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA172 ## Probable cause Inadequate application of throttle input and up elevator input by the pilot-in-command. Contributing to the accident was the in-flight encounter with a downdraft and inadequate design of the airplane by the kit manufacturer. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Undershoot, approach - vfr pattern - final approach - weather condition - downdraft (contributing factor) - throttle/power control - improper use of, pilot in command (cause) - elevator - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - Nose gear collapsed, landing - flare/touchdown - landing gear,nose gear attach point - overload - acft/equip,inadequate design, kit manufacturer (contributing factor) ## Analysis The pilot stated that she entered the traffic pattern to land on runway 14 with a crosswind from the left of about 10 knots. While on short final approach with partial flaps extended and an indicated airspeed of 90 miles-per-hour, the flight encountered a downdraft. She added only partial power and the airplane landed short of the runway separating the nose landing gear. She further stated that the engine responded when she added power and she only applied a slight pitch up correction when adding power. Examination of the airplane revealed that the 4 AN3-14A bolts that secure the nose gear trunnion attach plate to the nose gear support rib were bent and the threads were stripped. The original prototype engine/propeller combination was approximately 100 pounds lighter than the installed engine/propeller combination but with the same size and number of bolts used to secure the nose gear trunnion attach plate. ## Factual narrative On June 30, 1996, about 1045 eastern daylight time, a homebuilt Glasair 2SFT, N16CD, registered to a private individual, was substantially damaged on landing at the St. George Island Airport, Apalachicola, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for the 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight. The private-rated pilot and pilot-rated passenger were not injured. The flight originated about 0915 from the Cartersville Airport, Cartersville, Georgia. The pilot stated that she entered the traffic pattern to land on runway 14 with a crosswind from the left about 10 knots. While on short final approach with partial flaps extended and an indicated airspeed of 90 miles per hour, the flight encountered a downdraft. She added partial power and the airplane landed short of the runway on grass then rolled onto the runway separating the nose landing gear. She further stated that the engine responded when she added power and she only applied a slight pitch up correction when adding power. Examination of the airplane revealed that the four each AN3-14A bolts that secure the nose gear trunnion attach plate to the nose gear support rib were bent and the threads were stripped. According to a representative of the designer of the prototype airplane, a Glasair 1 FT, the original engine installed was a Lycoming O-320E2D model with a wood fixed pitch propeller. Additionally, the original design only indicated that four each AN3-14A bolts to be installed to secure the nose gear trunnion attach plate. The builder of the airplane installed a model IO-360-A3B6 engine with a constant speed propeller and he stated he followed the plans pertaining to the nose gear trunnion attach plate installation. The installed engine/propeller combination weighed about 100 pounds greater than the prototype installed engine/propeller combination. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N16CD](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N16CD), registered now, S/N 2043 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Charles Raymond GLASAIR 2SFT (GLASAIR 2S) - Registry model: [Raymond C / Raymond D GLASS AIR 2S FT](https://openairdocs.org/model/raymond-c-raymond-d-glass-air-2s-ft) (registry code 05691EV) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 2043 - Airframe hours: 426 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-A3B6 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Charles P. Raymond - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, September 25, 1995, 41 hours before - Departed: VPC, CARTERSVILLE, GA - Destination: F47 - Airport: F47, St George Island, runway 14, 3,700 × 65 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 40; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 900 total, 350 in this make and model, 748 as pilot in command, 13 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 70° at 8 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 84 °F, dew point 70 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: PAM, 42 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19960630015509A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19960630015509A), Jun 30, 1996: Amtr GLASAIRIII, Apalachicola, FL, Substantial damage. Reported downdraft on final. Landed short. Hit runway lip shearing nose gear. Glasair had larger engine installed. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.