# NTSB MIA96LA211: Piper PA-25-235, N82313, Farmville, NC, August 9, 1996 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: August 9, 1996, 15:10 local (19:10 UTC) - Place: Farmville, NC - Coordinates: 35.590759, -77.590461 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.5908&lon=-77.5905&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report December 16, 1996 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38073 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA96LA211 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38073/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA211 ## Probable cause The pilot's inadequate fuel consumption calculations which resulted in loss of engine power do to fuel exhaustion and a hard landing during a forced landing in a field. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, cruise - normal - fuel consumption calculations - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - fluid,fuel - exhaustion - Forced landing, descent - emergency - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown ## Analysis The owner of the aircraft stated the aircraft normally consumes 19 gallons of fuel per hour in aerial application operations and that the aircraft holds 38 gallons, or 2 hours, of usable fuel when full. The pilot stated he topped off the fuel tanks prior to departure and after flying for 1 hour 52 minutes he started back to the strip. He thought he had about 25 minutes of fuel remaining. After 8 minutes, or 2 hours since his last refueling, the engine quit do to fuel exhaustion. While making a forced landing in a field the aircraft landed hard on the right wing. Post crash examination of the aircraft showed the aircraft contained no usable fuel and there was no evidence of inflight fuel leakage from the fuel strainer or fuel tanks. Other pilots that had flown the aircraft did not report any excessive use of fuel by this aircraft. ## Factual narrative On August 9, 1996, about 1510 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-25-235, N82313, registered to Owen and Heath Incorporated, crashed in a field while making a forced landing following loss of engine power, at Farmville, North Carolina, while on a Title 14 CFR Part 137 aerial application flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed. The aircraft received substantial damage and the commercial-rated pilot received minor injuries. The flight originated from the Craft Air, Inc. strip, the same day, about 1310. The pilot stated he tracks his fuel usage and fuel remaining by use of a stop watch. The aircraft had 38 gallons of usable fuel at departure and he estimated it consumed 19 gallons per hour at maximum power. He departed the Craft Air, Inc. strip and flew to some cotton fields about 12 miles from the strip. He reduced engine power to about 65 percent. After spraying the fields he started the return flight back to the Craft Air, Inc. strip. His stop watch read 1 hour 52 minutes and he thought he had about 25 minutes of fuel remaining. After 8 more minutes of flight the engine coughed and quit, similar to shutting off the mixture. He had run out of fuel. As he approached a field for landing he remained high to clear trees and his speed was slow. He arrived over the field at about 30 feet and entered a slip. The aircraft stalled and dropped. It landed hard, right wing first and came to a stop in about 30 feet. The owner of the aircraft stated the aircraft consumes 19 gallons per hour in aerial application operations and that he tells the pilots to have the aircraft on the ground before 2 hours since the last refueling. When they recovered the aircraft it contained no usable fuel and there was no evidence of inflight fuel leakage from the fuel strainer or tanks. He has not had any reports from other pilots of this aircraft having excessive fuel usage. Lycoming Engine Fuel Consumption Charts show the Lycoming O-540-B engine installed on the Piper PA-25-235 aircraft consumes about 23 gallons of fuel per hour at maximum power of 2575 rpm. At 2500 rpm, the aircraft consumes about 19 gallons per hour. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N82313](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N82313-2003-08-27), registration cancelled 2003-08-27, S/N 25-7656074, built 1976 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-25-235 - Registry model: [Piper PA-25-235](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-25-235) (registry code 7102504) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-540-series) (registry code 41532, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 25-7656074 - Airframe hours: 3668 - Engines: Lycoming O-540-B2C5 235 lbs thrust reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Aerial application, Part 137 - Registered owner: Craft Air, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, June 2, 1996, 70 hours before - Departed: W38 ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 48; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: front; flight hours: 1,447 total, 191 in this make and model, 1,407 as pilot in command, 116 in the last 90 days, 97 in the last 30 days, 9 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 260° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 82 °F, dew point 68 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: PGV, 11 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19960809022259A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19960809022259A), Aug 9, 1996: Piper PA25235, Farmville, NC, Substantial damage. Ran out of fuel returning from spray field. Stalled out of a landing slip into a cornfield. ## Other investigations on N82313 (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB MIA77FLG34](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA77FLG34), Aug 29, 1977: Piper PA-25 (N82313), Ehrhardt, SC, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.