# NTSB MIA96TA014: Cessna 182R, N3163E, Redstone Arsena, AL, October 21, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Final report - Date: October 20, 1995, 19:55 local (Oct 21, 1995, 00:55 UTC) - Place: Redstone Arsena, AL - Location: 34.6676° N, 86.6735° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs from NTSB’s distance and direction from REDSTONE AAF (HUA), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.6676&lon=-86.6735&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 25, 1996 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38097 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA96TA014 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38097/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96TA014 ## Probable cause the pilot's poor inflight planning decision for not flying the scheduled time and electing to perform 3 additional takeoffs not planned during fuel consumption calculations. Contributing to the accident was the use of an inaccurate dipstick. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, approach - vfr pattern - base turn - aircraft preflight - improper, pilot in command (contributing factor) - fluid,fuel - exhaustion (cause) - in-flight planning/decision - poor, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing - In flight collision with object, emergency descent/landing - object - tree(s) ## Analysis The pilot stated that 3 flights lasting a total of about 5 hours were scheduled due to installation of the rebuilt engine. Before departure on the first flight the fuel tanks were nearly full. The first and second flights were uneventful and both lasted 3.4 hours. The pilot used a commercially fabricated dipstick with incorrect readings to verify fuel quantity before departing on the third flight. Fuel servicing was not performed before departure for the third flight. After departure the pilot activated his VFR flight plan which he later updated the ETA. The flight returned and the pilot performed 2 full stop landings. While turning base for the final full stop landing, the engine lost power due to fuel exhaustion. The pilot was unable to land on the runway due to an extended downwind leg and landed in trees. The engine had been operated for about 6.0 hours since fueling including 3 additional takeoff's not planned during the fuel consumption calculations. Search and Rescue was delayed due to ATC comment that the overdue flight was actually safe on the ground. ## Factual narrative On October 20, 1995, about 1955 central daylight time, a Cessna 182R, registered to the Civil Air Patrol, Inc., crashed into trees about 3.6 nautical miles south-southwest of the Redstone Army Air Field, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and a VFR flight plan was filed for the 14 CFR Part 91 maintenance test flight. The airplane was substantially damaged and the private- rated pilot and pilot-rated passenger were not injured. The flight originated about 1725, from the Redstone Army Air Field, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. The pilot stated that three separate flights lasting a total of about 5 hours were scheduled following installation of a rebuilt engine. He performed fuel consumption calculations for these flights. The airplane departed with nearly full fuel tanks for the first flight. The first and second flights were uneventful and both lasted 3.4 hours according to a Hobbs meter. Fueling was not accomplished before the second or accident flight departed. Before departure for the accident flight the pilot stated that he used a commercially fabricated dipstick and determined that the left and right fuel tanks contained 27 and 26 gallons respectively. Examination of the dipstick revealed that the highest graduation in "gallons usable" is "39." The manufacturer of the dipstick indicated that it is to be used only for Cessna 182 model airplanes with "long range" fuel tanks installed. According to the pilot's operating handbook, the total usable quantity of each fuel tank is 44 gallons. After departure on the accident flight, the pilot activated his VFR flight plan then updated his ETA to 1950. The flight returned and he performed two full stop landings. The flight again departed and remained in the traffic pattern for the final full stop landing. During the downwind leg the pilot observed that the fuel gauges indicated near the red line and after turning base, the engine "stopped." He turned toward the airport but landed short in the tops of trees. The airplane descended and came to rest upright left wing low. Both occupants were rescued about 0400 the following morning. The pilot further stated that he did not take into account the additional three takeoff's during fuel consumption calculations. Examination of the airplane by an FAA airworthiness inspector at the crash site revealed no evidence of fuel leakage. The left and right fuel tanks were drained and found to contain less than 1 quart and no fuel respectively. The airplane had been operated according to the tachometer for about 6.0 hours since the fuel tanks were filled. At about 2025, 35 minutes beyond the updated ETA, personnel from the Anniston Automated Flight Service Station (AFSS) contacted the Huntsville Air Traffic Control Tower (HSV ATCT) and asked if they had communicated within the last 30-40 minutes with the accident airplane. At 2027, personnel with the HSV ATCT advised personnel from the Anniston AFSS that the accident airplane was on the ground at "redstone." At 2248, personnel from the Anniston AFSS contacted the HSV ATCT to report an Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) being heard by the Air Force Rescue Coordination Center (AFRCC). The ELT signal was reported to be near the Redstone Arsenal. The ELT signal was not heard on the main receiver but on the backup receiver. Search and Rescue operations were started about 2330. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3163E](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3163E-1996-06-27), registration cancelled 1996-06-27, S/N 18268236 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 182R - Registry model: [Cessna 182R](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182r) (registry code 2072731) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18268236 - Airframe hours: 1702 - Engines: Continental O-470-U 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 91 - Registered owner: Civil Air Patrol, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, October 19, 1995, 6 hours before - Departed: HUA - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: KHUA, Redstone Aaf ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 65; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 566 total, 27 in this make and model, 547 as pilot in command, 36 in the last 90 days, 12 in the last 30 days, 6 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/bright - Wind: 150° at 3 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 39 °F, dew point 39 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: HSV, 5 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19951020033669A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19951020033669A), Oct 20, 1995: Cessna 182R, Huntsville, AL, Substantial damage. Ran out of fuel on maintenance third test flight. Landed in tree tops. Airborne six hrs. Miscalculated air time. ## Other investigations on N3163E (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB FTW88DRG12](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW88DRG12), Sep 1, 1988: Cessna 182R (N3163E), Spicewood, TX, destroyed From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.