# NTSB MIA97LA008: Cessna 21OK, N81SC, Tampa, FL, October 20, 1996 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: October 20, 1996, 10:30 local (14:30 UTC) - Place: Tampa, FL - Coordinates: 28.009101, -82.580825 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=28.0091&lon=-82.5808&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor, 5 uninjured - Status: Completed, report March 31, 1998 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38171 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA97LA008 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38171/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA008 ## Probable cause (aircraft 2) The failure of the pilots of both airplanes to see and avoid each other. Contributing to the accident was the improper planning/decision of the pilot of the Cessna 210 to depart the traffic pattern on the downwind leg rather than on the upwind leg as recommended in the AIM, and the improper planning/decision of the pilot of the Beech 23 to enter a 2-mile downwind. ## Probable cause (aircraft 1) The failure of the pilots of both airplanes to see and avoid each other. Contributing to the accident was the improper planning/decision of the pilot of the Cessna 210 to depart the traffic pattern on the downwind leg rather than on the upwind leg as recommended in the AIM, and the improper planning/decision of the pilot of the Beech 23 to enter a 2-mile downwind. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Midair collision, approach - vfr pattern - downwind - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - in-flight planning/decision - improper, pilot in command (contributing factor) - in-flight planning/decision - improper, pilot of other aircraft (contributing factor) - Midair collision, approach - vfr pattern - downwind - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - in-flight planning/decision - improper, pilot in command (contributing factor) - in-flight planning/decision - improper, pilot of other aircraft (contributing factor) ## Analysis (aircraft 2) The Cessna 210, N81SC, was planning on departing the traffic pattern on the downwind leg and reportedly announced his takeoff, crosswind and downwind turns. The Beech 23, N4021T, was inbound from the north and announced his intention of a 'long' 2 mile downwind, which was reportedly heard by an employee at the airport. The Cessna was just completing the turn to downwind at 900 feet when the collision occurred. The pilots of both airplanes were able to land at the airport. A witness observed the collision and reported that it occurred about 1/4 mile north and 1/3 mile west of the departure end of runway 36. A component from the Cessna was found in a field located about 1 nautical mile and 322 degrees from the departure end of the runway. The AIM recommends that aircraft depart the traffic pattern either on the upwind leg or turn 45 degrees to the left while in the upwind leg. The recommended downwind entry is at a 45 degree angle abeam the midpoint of the downwind leg. ## Analysis (aircraft 1) The Cessna 210, N81SC, was planning on departing the traffic pattern on the downwind leg and reportedly announced his takeoff, crosswind and downwind turns. The Beech 23, N4021T, was inbound from the north and announced his intention of a 'long' 2 mile downwind, which was reportedly heard by an employee at the airport. The Cessna was just completing the turn to downwind at 900 feet when the collision occurred. The pilots of both airplanes were able to land at the airport. A witness observed the collision and reported that it occurred about 1/4 mile north and 1/3 mile west of the departure end of runway 36. A component from the Cessna was found in a field located about 1 nautical mile and 322 degrees from the departure end of the runway. The AIM recommends that aircraft depart the traffic pattern either on the upwind leg or turn 45 degrees to the left while in the upwind leg. The recommended downwind entry is at a 45 degree angle abeam the midpoint of the downwind leg. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 2) Narrative same as MIA97LA008A. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 1) On October 20, 1996, about 1030 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 210K, N81SC, privately registered, and a Beech 23, N4021T, registered to the Gasparilla Air Force Flying Club, collided about 1 nautical mile northwest of the Vandenberg Airport, Tampa, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for either flight. The commercial-rated pilot and two passengers in the Cessna 210 were not injured. The private-rated pilot of the Beech 23 sustained minor injuries and the two passengers were not injured. The Cessna 210 flight originated about 3 minutes earlier from the Vandenberg Airport. The Beech 23 flight originated about 1015 from the Lakeland Linder Regional Airport, Lakeland, Florida. The pilot of the Cessna 210 stated that he intended to exit the traffic pattern on the downwind leg and announced on the UNICOM frequency that the flight was departing runway 36. At 500 feet mean sea level the flight turned crosswind and downwind which he also announced and just before leveling off at 850-890 feet, while on a heading of about 190 degrees, he felt the impact. The airplane rolled to the right and he was able to correct the rolling tendency with full left aileron input. The flight continued in the pattern and the pilot landed the airplane with no further damage. The pilot further stated that at no point in time did he observe the other airplane and the strobe lights of his airplane were activated at the time of the collision. No other external lights were activated. Damage to his airplane consisted of damage to the right wing tip and skin damage to the right side of the fuselage about 4 feet forward of the right horizontal stabilizer. The pilot of the Beech 23 reported that he maneuvered his airplane and announced his entry for a 2 mile downwind for runway 36, which was heard by an employee at the Vandenberg airport. He did not heard any pattern reports from any other pilot and as the flight passed the threshold of runway 18 while at 900 feet, he felt the impact. The airplane initially banked to the right and he pushed the yoke forward to increase the airspeed. He also recognized that the rudder control was inoperative and observed the other airplane flying in a westerly direction. He recovered from the banked attitude and during the landing roll, the airplane was resting on the nose without its nose landing gear. The damage to his airplane consisted of engine, propeller, the left fuselage and wing, inoperative rudder. He further reported that at the time of the collision the strobe lights were activated. According to a witness, the collision occurred about 1/4 mile north and 1/3 mile west from the departure end of runway 36. The Cessna 210 was observed to turn left crosswind about 1/4 mile from the departure end of the runway, and left downwind about 1/3 mile west of the runway. The Beech 23 was observed flying on the downwind leg at the time of the collision. The right wing tip from the Cessna 210 was located about 1 nautical mile and 322 degrees from the departure end of runway 36. Review of the Airmans Information Manual (AIM) revealed that the recommended procedures for departing the traffic pattern are to fly runway heading or to turn 45 degrees to the left when in a left traffic pattern. The AIM recommends to enter the downwind at a 45 degree angle abeam the midpoint of the runway. ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N81SC](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N81SC), registered now, S/N 21059382, built 1970 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 21OK - Registry model: [Cessna 210K](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-210k) (registry code 2073446) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-520-series) (registry code 17032, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 21059382 - Airframe hours: 3767 - Engines: Continental IO-520L 285 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Richard W. Carr - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, January 11, 1996, 48 hours before - Departed: X16 - Destination: SPG, ST. PETERSBURG, FL - Airport: X16, Vandenberg ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N4021T](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4021T-2008-10-30), registration cancelled 2008-10-30, S/N M-1128, built 1968 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Beech 23 - Registry model: [Beech B23](https://openairdocs.org/model/beech-b23) (registry code 1151240) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: M-1128 - Airframe hours: 2274 - Engines: Lycoming O-360-A26 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Gasparilla Air Force Flying - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 1, 1996, 98 hours before - Departed: LAL, LAKELAND, FL - Destination: X16 - Airport: X16, Vandenberg ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot, aircraft N81SC; age 39; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 2,681 total, 150 in this make and model, 2,539 as pilot in command, 40 in the last 90 days, 20 in the last 30 days - Pilot, aircraft N4021T; age 55; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 277 total, 11 in this make and model, 251 as pilot in command, 25 in the last 90 days, 5 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 50° at 6 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 43 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: TPA, 9 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (2) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19961020033101A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19961020033101A), Oct 20, 1996: Cessna 210K, Tampa, FL, Substantial damage. (.4)The Cessna 210, N81SC, was planning on departing the traffic pattern on the downwind leg and reportedly announced his takeoff, crosswind and downwind… - [Accident 19961020033102A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19961020033102A), Oct 20, 1996: Beech B23, Tampa, FL, Substantial damage. (.4)The Cessna 210, N81SC, was planning on departing the traffic pattern on the downwind leg and reportedly announced his takeoff, crosswind and downwind… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.