# NTSB MIA97LA093: Beech E35, N3257C, Nashville, GA, March 4, 1997 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: March 4, 1997, 13:00 local (18:00 UTC) - Place: Nashville, GA - Coordinates: 31.200716, -83.24028 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=31.2007&lon=-83.2403&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious, 1 minor - Status: Completed, report September 30, 1997 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38226 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA97LA093 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38226/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA093 ## Probable cause a stuck (jammed) fuel selector valve, due to corrosion from a fuel drain spring, which resulted in fuel starvation, loss of engine power, a forced landing, and subsequent impact with trees. A factor relating to the accident was: the pilot's inadequate preflight while using an abbreviated checklist. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - mech failure/malf, cruise - normal - fuel system,drain - corroded (cause) - fuel system,selector/valve - foreign material/substance (cause) - fuel system,selector/valve - jammed (cause) - fluid,fuel - starvation (cause) - aircraft preflight - inadequate, pilot in command (contributing factor) - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing - In flight collision with object, emergency landing - object - tree(s) ## Analysis About 45 minutes after takeoff, while cruising at 8,500 feet, the pilot attempted to reposition the fuel selector to another tank, but the selector would not move. He elected to land as soon as possible to have the problem corrected. While on short final to land, the engine lost power. Attempts to restart the engine were unsuccessful. About 400 yards from the runway, the airplane's left wing struck a tree, and the airplane crashed in a swamp. An FAA investigator interviewed the pilot and asked him when he last moved the fuel selector valve. The pilot stated that he last moved it on 'the day before the flight and [it] operated normally at that time.' The fuel selector was 'not moved' before he departed for this flight. For this flight, he had used an 'abbreviated checklist.' Item 12 in the airplane's Flight Manual under the heading of starting procedures, stated; '...Activate the [fuel] selector valve several times by rotating the handle from tank to tank to ensure that the selector valve is free.' The abbreviated checklist that the pilot used did not contain item 12. Examination of the airplane's fuel selector revealed that the selector valve was stuck in the left fuel tank position due to rust from the fuel/drain spring. The rust had worked its way in between the valve seat, causing the valve to be 'stuck in place.' The left fuel tank had been breached during the accident sequence; the amount of fuel in tank at the time of the accident was not verified. ## Factual narrative On March 4, 1997, about 1300 eastern standard time, a Beech E35, N3257C, registered to a private owner, operating as a Title 14 CFR Part 91, personal flight, crashed during a forced landing near Nashville, Georgia. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The airplane was substantially damaged. The private pilot received minor injuries and the commercial pilot was seriously injured. The flight had departed Flagler Beach, Florida, about 1150, en route to St. Louis, Missouri. About 45 minutes after takeoff, at a cruise altitude of 8,500 feet, the pilot-in-command (PIC) attempted to change fuel tanks, and according to his statement, "the selector would not move." The pilot in the right seat attempted to change tanks and he also was unable to move the fuel selector. The PIC elected to land as soon as possible to have the problem corrected. The flight descended and entered a left downwind for runway 27 at Berrien County Airport. Before turning to final the PIC checked all the gauges and found them in the "green." On short final he "heard the engine spit once and die." He told the other pilot that we had "lost our engine." The right seat pilot pumped the "wobble pump" while he flew the airplane, in an attempt to restart the engine, but they could not get the engine to "restart." The left wing struck a tree, and separated from the airplane. The right wing lifted up and the airplane went nose first into a swamp. The pilot had called the FBO (fixed base operator) on the airport's UNICOM frequency, about 15 minutes before landing and stated that he needed fuel. The next time the FBO heard from the pilot of N3257C, he reported on the radio that he had crashed about 400 yards short of runway 27. The FAA interviewed the PIC and asked him when he last moved the fuel selector valve. He stated that the selector valve was last moved "the day before the flight and operated normally at that time." He was then asked if the fuel selector was moved before he departed for this flight on March 4th. The pilot told the FAA that he had "not," because for this flight he had used an "abbreviated checklist." Item 12 in the airplane's Flight Manual, under the heading of starting procedures, stated; "...Activate the [fuel] selector valve several times by rotating the handle from tank to tank to ensure that the selector valve is free." The abbreviated checklist that the PIC used did not contain item 12. Examination of the airplane's fuel selector was performed under the supervision of the FAA, and revealed that the selector valve was stuck in the left fuel tank position and could not be moved. According to the FAA inspector's statement, the disassembly revealed that "particulate matter," appearing to be "rust" from the fuel/drain spring, had worked its way in between the valve seat, causing the valve to be "stuck in place." The left fuel tank had been breached during the accident sequence, and the amount of fuel in tank at the time of the accident was not determined. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3257C](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3257C-2003-07-08), registration cancelled 2003-07-08, S/N D-3922, built 1953 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Beech E35 - Registry model: [Beech E35](https://openairdocs.org/model/beech-e35) (registry code 1151512) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental E225 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-e225-series) (registry code 17015, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: D-3922 - Engines: Continental E-225-8 225 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Fullington Air Frieght Inc. - Registered owner: Neil A. Wright - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: X47, BUNAELL, FL - Destination: SUS, ST LOUIS, MO - Airport: 4J2, Barrien County, runway 27, 4,000 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 45; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 170 total, 13 in this make and model, 13 in the last 30 days, 8 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 270° at 8 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 84 °F, dew point 59 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: VLD, 35 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19970304002079A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19970304002079A), Mar 4, 1997: Beech E35, Nashville, GA, Substantial damage. En route unable budge fuel selector. Low fuel. Quit of fineal. Hit tree short of runway. Selector jammed by rust. (-23) unable to move fuel selector from left… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.