# NTSB MIA98FA219: Socata TBM-700, N69BS, Spearfish, SD, August 4, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: August 4, 1998, 13:45 local (19:45 UTC) - Place: Spearfish, SD - Location: 44.4686° N, 103.7964° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs from NTSB’s distance and direction from BLACK HILLS-CLYDE ICE FLD (SPF), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.4686&lon=-103.7964&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 4 fatal - Status: Completed, report March 30, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 43640 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA98FA219 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/43640/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=43640 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98FA219 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane while turning to base leg. Contributing factors were low ceilings, clouds, and the pilot's failure to adhere to both the published approach procedures and the published minimum decent altitude. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, approach - vfr pattern - base turn - weather condition - low ceiling (contributing factor) - weather condition - clouds (contributing factor) - ifr procedure - not followed, pilot in command (contributing factor) - minimum descent altitude - not complied with, pilot in command (contributing factor) - aircraft control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Analysis Witnesses observed the flight enter downwind for runway 30, after it had completed a published approach to runway 12, with a circle to land on runway 30. The witnesses, one of which was a commercial pilot said that there were jagged ceilings at the time about 400 to 500 feet above the ground. He and two other men with him saw the airplane below the clouds. As the airplane proceeded downwind, it momentarily entered a cloud. As the airplane came out of the cloud, it turned left in about a 30 degree turn. The angle of bank increased to about 70 to 80 degrees, the tail of the airplane came up, and the airplane impacted the ground nose first. Several pilots at the airport heard someone from N69BS make a radio transmission on the UNICOM frequency. What was heard by several people was that N69BS had broken out at 2200 feet. They then heard, 'N69BS turning base,' immediately followed by 'lookout' and 'oh ....' All of the eye witnesses agreed that at no time did they see or hear any problems with the engine. They all said that the sounds coming from the engine never changed. The published approach in use at the time of the accident was the GPS (global positioning system) runway 12. The pilot made his initial approach to runway 12, broke off the approach to the right, entered a right downwind for a landing on runway 30. The published circling minimums for the approach were MDA (minimum descent altitude) 4,800 feet, HAT (height above terrain) 869 feet. Using an approach speed of 90 knots, the minimum visibility was 1 mile. Using an approach speed of 120 knots, the minimum visibility was 1 1/4 miles. The field elevation was 3,931 feet. The profile for the GPS runway 12 approach showed that after the IAF (Jesee way point), the course was 204 degrees, at 7,000 feet, to the Dezzi way point, from Dezzi the course was 114 degrees, descend to 5,600, to Sophi way point, after Sophi descend to 4,800 feet to the missed approach point at the Ruste way point. The distance from Dezzi to Ruste was 10 miles. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On August 4, 1998, about 1345 mountain daylight time, a Socata TBM-700, N69BS, registered to a private individual, crashed while turning from downwind to base leg at the Spearfish/Black Hills Airport (SPF) near Spearfish, South Dakota, while on a Title 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight. Marginal visual meteorological conditions were reported, and an IFR flight plan was filed. The airplane was destroyed. The private-rated pilot-in-command, a commercial-rated pilot/passenger, a private-rated pilot/passenger, and one passenger were fatally injured. The flight had originated at an unknown time, the same day, from Lawrence, Massachusetts, en route to Spearfish, and had made a refueling stop at Madison, Wisconsin. The flight departed Madison at 1146 CDT [1046 MST]. Witnesses observed the flight enter downwind for runway 30, after it had completed a published approach to runway 12, with a circle to land on runway 30. The witnesses, one of which was a commercial pilot said that there were jagged ceilings at the time about 400 to 500 feet above the ground. The same witness, and two other men with him saw the airplane below the clouds. As the airplane proceeded downwind, it momentarily entered a cloud. As the airplane came out of the cloud, it turned left in about a 30-degree turn. The angle of bank increased to about 70 to 80 degrees, the tail of the airplane came up, and the airplane impacted the ground nose first. Several pilots at the airport heard someone from N69BS make a radio transmission on the UNICOM frequency. What was heard by several people was that N69BS had broken out at 2200 feet. They then heard, "N69BS turning base," immediately followed by "lookout" and "oh ...." All of the eyewitnesses agreed that at no time did they see or hear any problems with the engine. They all said that the sounds coming from the engine never changed. The accident occurred during the hours of daylight approximately 44 degrees, 29 minutes north, and 103 degrees, 47 minutes west. PERSONNEL INFORMATION Information on the pilot is contained in this report on page 3, under First Pilot Information. The pilot's personal log book listing his flight hours was not recovered. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION Meteorological information is contained in this report on page 3, under Weather Information. At the time of the accident the winds were reported to be calm, and the lowest ceiling was broken at 2,200 feet. Witnesses reported a jagged ceiling, mist and fog in the area. MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION An autopsy was performed on the pilot, on August 5, 1998, at the Medical Examiner's Office, Clinical Laboratory of the Black Hills, Rapid City, South Dakota, by Dr. Donald M. Habbe. Toxicological tests were conducted at the Federal Aviation Administration, Research Laboratory, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and revealed, "No ethanol or drugs detected in Blood." COMMUNICATIONS All communication with the flight were routine. At 1311:36, the pilot of N69BS made radio contact with the controller at Ellsworth Approach Control (APCH), Ellsworth Air Force Base, Rapid City, South Dakota. The flight reported in on frequency at an altitude of 17,900 feet descending to 17,000 feet. At 1312:03, the APCH controller said, "...[N69BS] no weather or traffic advisory available for the Spearfish airport...you can get Spearfish weather on one eight point three two five." The pilot said he was getting the frequency "intermittently now" and thanked the controller. The controller asked the pilot, what his intentions were at Spearfish, and the pilot answered, "...we'll do the visual in there if we can." At 1313:00, the controller said, "...we've had traffic trying to get in there all day, we just had a Mooney trying to get in there...V-F-R and could not get into the airfield V-F-R." The pilot said, "...we'll do the N-D-B [non-directional beacon] or the G-P-S (difficult to read) A [global positioning system] to it." The controller told the pilot that the "Rapid City N-D-B" was out, and pilot said, "(laugh), looking good today huh? Down here. OK we'll find Jesee [way point, initial approach fix/IAF] hang on a minute." At 1313:32, the APCH controller said, "...correction, the Spearfish N-D-B is out." The pilot of N69BS answered "affirmative." The pilot was given a clearance to "descend at pilots discretion, maintain one zero thousand [10,000 feet]...fly heading two nine five [295 degrees], Spearfish." At 1326:06, the APCH controller said, "...attention all aircraft, attention all aircraft, Ellsworth RADAR is out of service. I say again, Ellsworth RADAR is out of service." At 1333:00, the controller asked the pilot of N69BS to "say position." The pilot replied, "..sixteen and a half south east of Jesse." The controller said, "...verify six miles North East of Spearfish airport, level at one zero thousand." The pilot said, "...OK give you call six east of Spearfish airport at one zero thousand." At 1333:20, the APCH controller said, "Sir, verify that is your position now. I show you six northeast of Spearfish level at one zero thousand, code [transponder] one zero seven, ident." The pilot acknowledged the "ident," and said, "...position again for you is one four point six east of Jesee." The controller then said to the pilot "...roger, Jesee is not depicted on my RADAR sir, I need your position off Spearfish." At 1333:55, the control said to the pilot of N69BS, "...disregard, turn right three zero degrees for RADAR identification." The pilot acknowledges the controller request, and at 1335:50, the pilot said, "...right now [the flight] is seven point four north of Spearfish." The controller told the pilot to report Jesee for G-P-S runway one two Spearfish airport, and the pilot acknowledged the clearance. At 1340:30, there was a change of controllers at Ellsworth APCH, and the pilot of N69BS said his position was "two and one half [miles] from Jesee at one zero thousand looking for lower." The pilot was given the following clearance at 1340:35, "...cross the initial approach fix [Jesee] at or above one zero thousand, cleared G-P-S approach into Spearfish airport, report procedure turn inbound." At 1342:50, the pilot said, "...k, give you a call at Jesee...and...coming up on Sophi [final approach fix, FAF]." The controller said, "...roger report procedure turn inbound." The pilot said, "...we are inbound." At 1343:13, the controller said, "...RADAR service terminated, change to advisory, report your down time this frequency or with Huron Flight Service Station." The pilot said "will do," and that was the last transmission from N69BS. AERODROME AND GROUND FACILITIES The published approach in use at the time of the accident was the GPS runway 12. The pilot made his initial approach to runway 12, broke off the approach to the right, entered a right downwind for a landing on runway 30. The published circling minimums for the approach were MDA (minimum descent altitude) 4,800 feet, HAT (height above terrain) 869 feet. Using an approach speed of 90 knots, the minimum visibility was 1 mile. Using an approach speed of 120 knots, the minimum visibility was 1 1/4 miles. The field elevation was 3,931 feet. The profile for the GPS runway 12 approach showed that after the IAF (Jesee way point), the course was 204 degrees, at 7,000 feet, to the Dezzi way point, from Dezzi the course was 114 degrees, descend to 5,600, to Sophi way point, after Sophi descend to 4,800 feet to the missed approach point at the Ruste way point. The distance from Dezzi to Ruste was 10 miles. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The airplane impacted in a open field, on the right downwind leg for runway 30, about 1 1/2 miles southeast of the airport. Impact craters from the landing gear, the engine, and the left wing were found about 30 feet south of the wreckage. Th ## Aircraft - Registration: [N69BS](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N69BS-2000-05-10), registration cancelled 2000-05-10, S/N 10 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Socata TBM-700 - Registry model: [Socata TBM 700](https://openairdocs.org/model/socata-tbm-700) (registry code 8682000) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 10 - Airframe hours: 1695 - Engines: P&W PT6A-64 700 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: William James Galpin - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 29, 1997, 275 hours before - Departed: MSN, MADISON, WI - Destination: SPF - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: SPF, Black Hills-Clyde Ice, runway 30, 5,498 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 56; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 3,150 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 6 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,200 ft broken - Temperature: 63 °F, dew point 57 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: SPF, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19980804019489A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19980804019489A), Aug 4, 1998: Socata TBM700, Spearfish, SD, Destroyed, 4 fatal. Acft crashed while on approach approx 1.5 miles southwest of the rwy. All 4 POB suffered fatal inj. (.19) on August 4, 1998, about 1345 mountain daylight time,… ## Docket (23 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 10, 1999, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=43640. 8.9 MB in all. - Supplement C (item 1, .PDF, 435 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104409&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20C-Master.PDF - Supplement D (item 2, .PDF, 493 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104410&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20D-Master.PDF - Supplement K (item 3, .PDF, 437 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104411&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20K-Master.PDF - Supplement S (item 4, .PDF, 76 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104412&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20S-Master.PDF - Materials Laboratory 15 - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 5, .PDF, 186 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417601&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Materials%20Laboratory%2015%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statements (item 6, .PDF, 271 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417602&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statements-Redacted.PDF - Maps or Charts of Accident Area, Approach Plates (item 7, .PDF, 228 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104415&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Maps%20or%20Charts%20of%20Accident%20Area,%20Approach%20Plates-Master.PDF - Transcript of Radio Communications (item 8, .PDF, 460 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417603&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Transcript%20of%20Radio%20Communications-Redacted.PDF - Reports from Parties to the Investigation (item 9, .PDF, 3.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104417&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Reports%20from%20Parties%20to%20the%20Investigation-Master.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 10, .PDF, 70 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417604&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Redacted.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 11, .PDF, 148 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417605&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Redacted.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 12, .PDF, 183 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104420&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF - Photo 1. General view of the wreckage, and the surrounding terrain. (item 13, .PDF, 210 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104421&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201.%20%20General%20view%20of%20the%20wreckage,%20and%20the%20surrounding%20terrain.-Master.PDF - Photo 2. The arrow points to the Spearfish Airport. (item 14, .PDF, 220 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104422&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202.%20%20The%20arrow%20points%20to%20the%20Spearfish%20Airport.-Master.PDF - Photo 3. A view of the wreckage as it was found at the crash site. (item 15, .PDF, 213 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104423&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203.%20%20A%20view%20of%20the%20wreckage%20as%20it%20was%20found%20at%20the%20crash%20site.-Master.PDF - Photo 4. Left side view. (item 16, .PDF, 237 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104424&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204.%20%20Left%20side%20view.-Master.PDF - Photo 5. Right side view. (item 17, .PDF, 245 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104425&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%205.%20%20Right%20side%20view.-Master.PDF - Photo 6. Tail section. (item 18, .PDF, 216 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104426&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%206.%20%20Tail%20section.-Master.PDF - Photo 7. Front view. (item 19, .PDF, 257 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104427&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%207.%20%20Front%20view.-Master.PDF - Photo 8. Engine and propeller. (item 20, .PDF, 228 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104428&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%208.%20%20Engine%20and%20propeller.-Master.PDF - Photo 9. Engine. (item 21, .PDF, 189 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104429&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%209.%20%20Engine.-Master.PDF - Photo 10. Cockpit. (item 22, .PDF, 248 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104430&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2010.%20Cockpit.-Master.PDF - Photo 11. Ground scars. (item 23, .PDF, 221 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104431&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2011.%20Ground%20scars.-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.