# NTSB MIA99LA051: Cessna 172M, N9295H, Okeechobee, FL, December 19, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 19, 1998, 13:11 local (18:11 UTC) - Place: Okeechobee, FL - Coordinates: 27.500835, -80.930686 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=27.5008&lon=-80.9307&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 16, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 45488 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA99LA051 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/45488/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA051 ## Probable cause (aircraft 2) The inadequate visual lookout of the pilot of the Cessna airplane and of the pilot of the glider resulting in the midair collision. ## Probable cause (aircraft 1) The inadequate visual lookout of the pilot of the Cessna airplane and of the pilot of the glider resulting in the midair collision. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Midair collision, approach - vfr pattern - final approach - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - Midair collision, approach - vfr pattern - final approach - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot of other aircraft (cause) ## Analysis (aircraft 2) The pilot of the Cessna reported entering the traffic pattern on a left downwind for runway 13, and at that time he observed the glider on the upwind leg for runway 13. The pilot of the Cessna turned left base and final, announced these legs, and while on final approach at 500 feet, he felt an impact. He continued the approach and landed uneventfully. The pilot of the glider reported that after release, the flight descended to the traffic pattern altitude and entered left downwind, left base and final; announcing all legs. While on final approach at 200 feet to the grass runway, he felt an impact then noted that the Cessna pulled ahead and to his left, and landed on the paved surface of the runway. The glider was landed on the grass runway. The vertical stabilizer of the Cessna was displaced to the right about 45 degrees and marks on the upper surface of the left elevator were oriented at a 45 degree angle to the longitudinal axis of the airplane. The lower surface of the left wintgtip of the glider was displaced up and the right lower side of the fuselage was damaged. ## Analysis (aircraft 1) The pilot of the Cessna reported entering the traffic pattern on a left downwind for runway 13, and at that time he observed the glider on the upwind leg for runway 13. The pilot of the Cessna turned left base and final, announced these legs, and while on final approach at 500 feet, he felt an impact. He continued the approach and landed uneventfully. The pilot of the glider reported that after release, the flight descended to the traffic pattern altitude and entered left downwind, left base and final; announcing all legs. While on final approach at 200 feet to the grass runway, he felt an impact then noted that the Cessna pulled ahead and to his left, and landed on the paved surface of the runway. The glider was landed on the grass runway. The vertical stabilizer of the Cessna was displaced to the right about 45 degrees and marks on the upper surface of the left elevator were oriented at a 45 degree angle to the longitudinal axis of the airplane. The lower surface of the left wintgtip of the glider was displaced up and the right lower side of the fuselage was damaged. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 2) Narrative same as MIA99LA051A. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 1) On December 19, 1998, about 1311 eastern standard time, a Cessna 172M, N9295H, registered to a private individual, and a Let L-13 glider, N98KK, registered to Mid Florida Soaring Association, collided while on final approach to the Okeechobee County Airport, Okeechobee, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for either flight. The Cessna flight was operating under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91, as an instructional flight and the glider was operating under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91, as a personal flight. The Cessna airplane was substantially damaged and the student pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured. The glider was substantially damaged and the private-rated pilot, the sole occupant, also was not injured. The Cessna flight originated about 41 minutes earlier from the Charlotte County Airport, Punta Gorda, Florida. The glider flight originated about 15 minutes earlier from the Okeechobee County Airport. The pilot of the Cessna airplane stated that when the flight was about 20 miles from the destination airport, he monitored the UNICOM frequency and noted that runway 13 was the active runway. The flight continued then when about 5 miles from his destination, he announced his position on the UNICOM frequency. He entered the traffic pattern at 1,000 feet msl, at a 45-degree angle midfield position for a left downwind for runway 13, which he announced. At that time he observed the glider on the upwind leg. The Cessna flight continued then turned left base, which was announced, and at that point in the flight, he heard the pilot of the glider announce that his flight was on a left downwind for runway 13. The Cessna flight turned left base then final, which he announced on the frequency; and he observed the glider abeam his position at a higher altitude. While on final approach about 500, he felt an impact on the empennage and realized he had no rudder control. He continued the approach, landed uneventfully on the paved runway, then taxied the airplane to the ramp. The vertical stabilizer was displaced about 45 degrees to the right, and the left elevator exhibited red paint transfer and an indentation on the upper surface at about a 45-degree angle from the longitudinal axis about midspan of the control surface. Also an indentation oriented in the same direction was found on the upper surface near the outboard portion of the elevator. The pilot of the glider stated that the flight was towed to 1,500 feet, released, then circled three to four times southeast of the field, to enter the traffic pattern at the proper altitude. He reported hearing the Cessna pilot announce that his aircraft was on the downwind leg for runway 13, but reported that he did not hear any other radio calls from the pilot of the Cessna airplane. He turned left downwind, base when at a 45-degree angle to the runway, then onto final approach to the grass runway. He announced all legs while in the pattern on the UNICOM frequency using a portable VHF transceiver. While on final approach to the grass runway which is located west of runway 13, he heard and felt an impact at about 200 feet. He observed that the Cessna was pulling away to his left and had landed on the paved runway. He continued the approach and landed on the grass runway. Damage to the right side of the fuselage along a stringer was noted and the lower section of the wing tip was displaced upwards. ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N9295H](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N9295H), registered now, S/N 17266075, built 1975 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172M - Registry model: [Cessna 172M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172m) (registry code 2072418) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17266075 - Airframe hours: 6763 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-E2D 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Sanne Arnfast - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility - Last inspection: Annual, November 19, 1998, 22 hours before - Departed: PGD, PUNTA GORDA, FL - Destination: OBE - Airport: OBE, Okeechobee County ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N98KK](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N98KK), registered now, S/N 027155, built 1925 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Let L-13 - Registry model: [Let BLANIK L-13](https://openairdocs.org/model/let-blanik-l-13) (registry code 1360306) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [NONE](https://openairdocs.org/engine/none) (registry code 00000, none) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Glider - Serial number: 027155 - Airframe hours: 697 - Engines: unknown - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Mid Florida Soaring Asscn - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, January 11, 1998, 97 hours before - Departed: OBE - Airport: OBE, Okeechobee County ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot, aircraft N9295H; age 47; student; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 38 total, 35 in this make and model, 20 in the last 90 days, 10 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours - Pilot, aircraft N98KK; age 59; private, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: front; flight hours: 1,425 total, 9 in this make and model, 1,144 as pilot in command, 14 in the last 90 days, 14 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 130° at 10 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 9,000 ft broken - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: FPR, 29 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (2) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19981219033592A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19981219033592A), Dec 19, 1998: Cessna 172M, Okeechobee, FL, Substantial damage. Acft collided in mid air with N98KK, a let blanik L-13 glider. (.19)on December 19, 1998, about 1311 eastern standard time, a Cessna 172M, N9295H, registered… - [Accident 19981219039941A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19981219039941A), Dec 19, 1998: Let L13BLANIK, Okeechobee, FL, Minor damage. Let blanik L-13 glider was on final approach to rwy 13 when it collided in mid air with N9295H, a Cessna C-172 acft. (.19)on December 19, 1998, about 1311… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.