# NTSB MIA99LA053: Cessna 402B, N8203Q, San Juan, PR, December 23, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 23, 1998, 10:00 local (14:00 UTC) - Place: San Juan, PR - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 3, 1999 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 45532 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=MIA99LA053 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/45532/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA053 ## Probable cause The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft. The reason for the reported engine surging is undetermined. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, approach - vfr pattern - final approach - reason for occurrence undetermined - Loss of control - in flight, landing - flare/touchdown - directional control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - ground ## Analysis The pilot reported both engines were surging during approach to land on runway 10 and the aircraft was oscillating about the vertical axis about 15-20 degrees. Using full right rudder he was able to maintain runway alignment and he lowered full wing flaps and reduced engine power to slow the aircraft. Passing over the end of the runway he reduced engine power further and the aircraft went to the left and crashed in the grass next to the runway. Post crash examination of the aircraft showed both propellers had damage consistent with powered rotation at the time of ground impact. Examination of the engines showed no evidence of failure or malfunction that would cause the surging reported by the pilot. No transmissions were received by the ATC tower from the pilot reporting malfunctions with the aircraft. The winds were from 080 degrees at 18 knots, gusting to 22 knots at the time of the accident. ## Factual narrative On December 23, 1998, about 1000 Atlantic standard time, a Cessna 402B, N8203Q, registered to and operated by Tol Air services, Inc., as flight 203, a Title 14 CFR Part 91 positioning flight, from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, to San Juan, Puerto Rico, crashed during landing at San Juan. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed. The aircraft received substantial damage and the commercial-rated pilot was not injures. The flight originated from St. Croix, the same day, about 0930. The pilot stated that as he turned from downwind leg to base leg, during the approach to land at San Juan, he turned on the electric fuel boost pumps to the low position. The engines immediately started to sputter. He turned the electric boost pumps off and the engines started sounding normal again. After completing the turn to base leg, the engines again started to sputter and then surge. The manifold pressure dropped on both engines and "the plane got really quiet-both engines out." He had some altitude and he increased his descent to help start the engines. He attempted to restart both engines, which was successful. The right engine continued to surge after restart with high manifold pressure and rpm's, and the left engine surged with low manifold pressure and rpm's. The aircraft jerked hard to the left during this time. He applied full right rudder which corrected the left turn, but the aircraft oscillated around the vertical axis 15-20 degrees. Full right rudder gave positive directional control and he was able to turn to the final leg and line up with the runway. He reduced engine power and lowered the wing flaps to full down to slow the aircraft and when the runway was assured he reduced engine power some more. The airplane immediately jerked hard to the left again, pulling the airplane off to the left of the runway and the airplane crashed in the grass to the left of the runway. After the airplane came to rest he noticed flames around his legs and seat and then grabbed his flight bag and GPS and exited the aircraft. On exiting he noticed the left wing and left side of the airplane was on fire. (See attached pilot statement) Postcrash examination of the airplane by FAA inspectors showed the aircraft was in the grass area to the left of runway 10, facing north. The nose landing gear was collapsed and the nose section was damaged. Both propellers had blade damage indicating rotation at the time of ground impact. The left wing outboard of the engine was separated from the aircraft and burned. The cabin of the airplane was burned and the right main landing gear was collapsed. The mixture and propeller controls were in the full forward position and the throttles were in the idle position. Examination of the engines showed no evidence of inflight fire damage or mechanical failure or malfunction. (See attached inspector statement) Review of transcripts of radio communications between the pilot of N8203Q and the FAA San Juan Air Traffic Control Tower showed that no transmissions were received from the pilot indicating he was having any problems with the aircraft. (See attached transcript) ## Aircraft - Registration: [N8203Q](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N8203Q-2000-06-23), registration cancelled 2000-06-23, S/N 402B0383 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 402B - Registry model: [Cessna 402B](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-402b) (registry code 207590P) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 402B0383 - Airframe hours: 7443 - Engines: Continental TSIO-520-E 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Positioning, Part 91 - Registered owner: Tol Air Services, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, October 3, 1998, 52 hours before - Departed: STX, ST. CROIX - Destination: SJU - Airport: SJU, Luiz Munoz Marin Int'L, runway 10, 8,016 × 150 ft, concrete ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 33; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 1,233 total, 28 in this make and model, 1,136 as pilot in command, 244 in the last 90 days, 28 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 80° at 18 knots, gusting 22 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 3,400 ft overcast - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 70 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: SJU, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19981223046939A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19981223046939A), Dec 23, 1998: San Juan, Puerto Rico, No damage. (-23) Tol-air flight 203, a C-402B piloted by Mr. William ford was cleared to land at rwy 10 at lmm international airport. Upon landing, the aircraft veered to… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.