# NTSB NYC01LA099: Piper PA-28-161, N286FT, Winchester, VA, April 21, 2001 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: April 20, 2001, 23:23 local (Apr 21, 2001, 03:23 UTC) - Place: Winchester, VA - Coordinates: 39.170398, -78.169517 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.1704&lon=-78.1695&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 23, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FAA FSDO-27 - NTSB case key (mKey): 52098 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=NYC01LA099 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/52098/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC01LA099 ## Probable cause The pilot's inadequate fuel management, which resulted in fuel starvation. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, approach - vfr pattern - final approach - fluid,fuel - starvation - fuel management - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with object, descent - emergency - object - tree(s) ## Analysis The pilot stated that he departed with full fuel tanks, and the fuel selector was initially positioned to the left tank. The pilot reported that he switched fuel tanks every 15 minutes. However, about 3 hours en route to his intended destination, the left fuel gauge displayed "E", and the right gauge displayed "1/4." The pilot decided to divert to a closer airport, but he could not activate the pilot-controlled runway lighting. Therefore, he continued to his original destination, and continued to select the left fuel tank. While on approach to the intended airport, the engine lost all power, and the pilot made a forced landing into trees. Examination of the wreckage by a Federal Aviation Administration inspector did not reveal any pre-impact mechanical malfunctions. The right wing had separated from the airplane, and the right fuel tank was compromised. The left fuel tank was still intact, and the inspector found approximately 1 to 2 pints of fuel remaining in the left tank. Additionally, the airport manager at the alternate airport reported that he tested the pilot-controlled lighting, and it functioned properly. The pilot reported a total flight experience of 84 hours, of which, about 55 were in the make and model accident airplane. He obtained his private pilot certificate about 2 months prior to the accident. ## Factual narrative On April 20, 2001, about 2323 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-28-161, N286FT, was substantially damaged during a forced landing, while on approach to Winchester Regional Airport (OKV), Winchester, Virginia. The certificated private pilot was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a visual flight rules flight plan had been filed for the personal flight conducted under 14 CFR Part 91. The pilot stated that the fuel tanks were "topped off," and he departed Tweed-New Haven Airport (HVN), New Haven, Connecticut, about 2000. The pilot estimated that with the full tanks, the airplane had an endurance of at least 4.5 hours. He began the flight with the fuel selector positioned to the left tank, and he switched fuel tanks about every 15 minutes. The pilot added that after 3 hours en route, he was near Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport (MRB), Martinsburg, West Virginia. The pilot observed that the left fuel gauge displayed "E" and the right fuel gauge displayed "1/4." As a precaution, he diverted to MRB, but was unable to activate the pilot-controlled runway lighting. Therefore, he did not land, and continued to OKV. While on a straight-in approach to runway 14, on an approximate 1.5-mile final leg, the engine "sputtered." The pilot turned the electric fuel pump "OFF," then back "ON." The engine momentarily sounded normal, but then started sputtering after 30 seconds. The pilot then applied carburetor heat, and the engine "shutterred." He also moved the fuel selector from "LEFT" to "RIGHT." The engine revved for about 1/2 second, then lost all power. The airplane was about 800 feet above the ground, and the pilot positioned the fuel selector back to the left tank, but the engine did not restart. The airplane struck trees and came to rest about 3/4 mile prior to the runway. Examination of the wreckage by a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector, and a local mechanic, revealed that the right wing had separated from the airplane, and the right fuel tank had been compromised during the impact. The left wing was displaced 45 degrees upward, but the left fuel tank was not compromised. The inspector and mechanic drained approximately 1 cup of fuel from the left tank, and it appeared absent of contamination. When the airplane was recovered, a salvage crew drained the remaining fuel from the left tank, which equaled about 1 pint. The FAA inspector added that after the accident, the MRB Airport Manager tested the pilot controlled lighting, and it functioned normally. Review of a PA-28-161 pilot's operating handbook revealed that at 75 percent best power cruise setting, the engine would consume 10.0 gallons of fuel per hour. Each wing contained a 25-gallon fuel tank; of which, 24 gallons of fuel were useable. The pilot reported a total flight experience of approximately 84 hours, of which, about 55 were in the make and model accident airplane. He obtained his private pilot certificate on February 27, 2001. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N286FT](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N286FT-2001-11-14), registration cancelled 2001-11-14, S/N 28-8216205, built 1982 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-28-161 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-161](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-161) (registry code 7102803) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28-8216205 - Airframe hours: 7850 - Engines: Lycoming O-320 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Blesair Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, March 29, 2001, 22 hours before - Departed: HVN, New Haven, CT - Destination: OKV, Winchester, VA - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: OKV, Winchester Regional Airport, runway 14, 5,500 × 100 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 45; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review February 27, 2001; seat: left; flight hours: 84 total, 55 in this make and model, 38 as pilot in command, 31 in the last 90 days, 16 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 7,000 ft overcast - Temperature: 59 °F, dew point 45 °F - Altimeter: 30.20 inHg - Observed at: OKV, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20010420016749A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20010420016749A), Apr 20, 2001: Piper PA28161, Winchester, VA, No damage. (-23) Pilot stated (verified with Robinson aviation (hvn)) tanks were "topped off" at time of take off. Take off was 23:55Z. At 0309Z pilot diverted to mrb due… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.