# NTSB NYC02LA182: Duffy Vans RV-9A, N945D, Oxford, OH, September 6, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 5, 2002, 21:37 local (Sep 6, 2002, 01:37 UTC) - Place: Oxford, OH - Coordinates: 39.5, -84.783332 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.5000&lon=-84.7833&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed, report March 2, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 55638 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=NYC02LA182 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/55638/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC02LA182 ## Probable cause The pilot's improper fuel calculations, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and a subsequent total loss of engine power. Factors included an inaccurate fuel gauge indication for undetermined reasons, the pilot's reliance on that indication, the night lighting conditions, and a sign alongside the forced landing road. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, cruise - fluid,fuel - exhaustion - fuel consumption calculations - improper, pilot in command (cause) - equipment,other - improper use of, pilot in command (contributing factor) - engine instruments,fuel quantity gage - inaccurate (contributing factor) - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing - Loss of control - on ground/water, emergency landing - terrain condition - roadway/highway - light condition - night (contributing factor) - object - sign (contributing factor) - Nose over, emergency landing - terrain condition - crop ## Analysis During a night flight, the airplane lost total engine power shortly after departure, about 15 miles from the airport. The pilot initially elected to divert to another airport 3 miles away and 2,500 feet below; however, he subsequently decided to land on a road after not being able to see the runway lights. During the landing, the airplane bounced five or six times, struck a sign, veered off the road and nosed over. The pilot had replaced the fuel gauge about 1 week prior to the accident. He had difficulty calibrating the new fuel gauge, and received assistance telephonically from the manufacturer during the calibration. The pilot believed that he had taken off with about 1/2 tank of fuel onboard. An examination of the airplane after the accident revealed that the fuel tanks were empty; however, the fuel gauge indicated 8 gallons. The source of the fuel inaccuracy was undetermined. The airplane had accumulated 11.4 hours of flight time since installation of the fuel gauge. The pilot filled the fuel tanks at 47.0 flight hours, and lost total engine power at 50.9 flight hours. A "must read" notice in the fuel gauge operating manual stated: "Do not solely rely on the FL-2 to determine the fuel level in the fuel tanks." ## Factual narrative On September 5, 2002, at 2137 eastern daylight time, a homebuilt Vans RV-9A, N945D, was substantially damaged during a forced landing in Oxford, Ohio. The certificated private pilot-builder and his pilot-rated passenger received minor injuries. Night visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time. No flight plan had been filed for the local flight, which originated at Hamilton Airport (HAO), Hamilton, Ohio. The personal flight was conducted under 14 CFR Part 91. According to the pilot, he departed Hamilton about 2130, and climbed the airplane to 3,500 feet, heading east. Approximately 15 miles from the airport, the engine sputtered. The pilot switched to the left fuel tank and turned on the fuel boost pump. Engine power resumed for about 5 minutes, then the engine quit. According to the pilot's GPS, Miami University Airport (OXD), Oxford, Ohio, was the closest airport [elevation 1,045 feet], about 3 miles away. The pilot keyed the microphone on frequency 122.8, and attempted to turn on the runway lights; however, the airport remained "black dark." The pilot spotted the airport beacon and red lights, but could not determine the "direction of runway." The pilot then alerted air traffic control personnel of his problem. He subsequently spotted a house and few cars on a road. He saw a separation between cars, and decided to follow one of them to a landing on the road. He landed, missing a tree in the process, then hit a sign after five or six bounces. The airplane veered off the road, to the right, and entered a soybean field where it nosed over. After the accident, the pilot stated that he had run out of fuel, and a subsequent examination of the airplane confirmed the absence of fuel. The fuel gauge had been replaced with an Electronics International FL-2CA gauge on August 27, 2002, and the airplane had accumulated 11.4 hours of operating time since its installation. The pilot had difficulty calibrating the gauge, so he contacted the manufacturer for assistance. While on the telephone with a representative of the manufacturer, he had had a fuel truck at the airplane, and was emptying and filling the tanks at varying stages of the calibration, based on the representative's directions. During the calibration, the fuel gauge calibration points kept dropping out of the gauge's memory. The pilot filled the fuel tanks at 47.0 hours on the Hobbs meter, and it the engine quit at 50.9 hours. The pilot subsequently stated that he thought he had departed with about 1/2 tank of fuel, and the flight was planned for 1 hour. The fuel gauge indicated 8 gallons after the fuel had been exhausted, and the pilot was not sure if the problem was with a faulty gauge, the calibration procedures, or the capacitance probes. A "must read" notice in the fuel gauge operating and instructions manual stated: "Do not solely rely on the FL-2 to determine the fuel level in the fuel tanks." ## Aircraft - Registration: [N945D](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N945D), registered now, S/N 90011 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Duffy Vans RV-9A - Registry model: [Duffy William VANS RV9A](https://openairdocs.org/model/duffy-william-vans-rv9a) (registry code 05614C3) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 90011 - Airframe hours: 50.9 - Engines: Lycoming O-320 160 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: William J. Duffy - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Condition, July 10, 2002, 50.9 hours before - Departed: OXD, Oxford, OH ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 48; injuries: serious; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review June 29, 2002; seat: left; flight hours: 346 total, 52 in the last 90 days, 19 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night - Wind: 100° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 52 °F - Altimeter: 30.11 inHg - Observed at: CVG, 55 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20020905024019A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20020905024019A), Sep 5, 2002: Amtr RV9A, Oxford, OH, Substantial damage. (.19) On September 5, 2002, at 2137 eastern daylight time, a homebuilt vans RV-9A, N945D, was substantially damaged during a forced landing in Oxford, Ohio.… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.