# NTSB NYC93FA159: Swearingen SA-226-TC, N220KC, Hartford, CT, August 17, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: August 17, 1993, 02:25 local (06:25 UTC) - Place: Hartford, CT - Location: 41.7469° N, 72.6631° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs from NTSB’s distance and direction from HARTFORD-BRAINARD (HFD), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.7469&lon=-72.6631&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed, report September 20, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38591 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=NYC93FA159 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38591/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93FA159 ## Probable cause FAILURE OF THE COPILOT (SECOND-IN-COMMAND) TO FOLLOW THE CHECKLIST, ASSURE THE GEAR WAS EXTENDED FOR LANDING AND ATTAIN OR MAINTAIN ADEQUATE AIRSPEED (VMC); AND FAILURE OF THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND (PIC) TO PROPERLY SUPERVISE THE FLIGHT AND TAKE SUFFICIENT REMEDIAL ACTION. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight collision with terrain/water, landing - flare/touchdown - light condition - dark night - checklist - not followed, copilot/second pilot (cause) - gear extension - not performed, copilot/second pilot (cause) - supervision - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - Airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, landing - flare/touchdown - propeller system/accessories - overload - Loss of control - in flight, landing - aborted - aborted landing - initiated, copilot/second pilot - airspeed(vmc) - not maintained, copilot/second pilot (cause) - remedial action - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - aircraft control - not maintained (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - water ## Analysis ON AN APPROACH TO LAND AT THE DESTINATION, THE SECOND-IN-COMMAND (SIC) WAS FLYING THE AIRPLANE. THE PLANE TOUCHED DOWN WITH THE LANDING GEAR RETRACTED, & THE PROPELLER BLADES CONTACTED THE RUNWAY. THE SIC INITIATED A GO-AROUND (ABORTED LANDING). WITNESSES SAW THE AIRPLANE IN A STEEP LEFT BANK JUST BEFORE IMPACT IN A RIVER NEXT TO THE AIRPORT. PROPELLER STRIKES ON THE RUNWAY EXTENDED 380', INDICATING A TOUCHDOWN SPEED OF 96 KTS. THE LAST PROPELLER STRIKES ON THE RIGHT SIDE INDICATED A SPEED OF 86 KTS. THE LAST STRIKES ON THE LEFT SIDE INDICATED A SLOWING PROPELLER. PUBLISHED VMC FOR THE AIRPLANE WAS 94 KTS. THE CVR TAPE REVEALED THE CREW COMPLETED A DESCENT ARRIVAL CHECK, PERFORMED AN INCOMPLETE APPROACH BRIEFING, & DID NOT PERFORM A BEFORE LANDING CHECK. THE CVR REVEALED NO SOUND OF A GEAR WARNING HORN. COMPANY PERSONNEL STATED THAT THE CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR THE WARNING HORN HAD BEEN FOUND PULLED AT THE COMPLETION OF PREVIOUS FLIGHTS BY OTHER CREW; THIS WAS TO PREVENT A WARNING HORN FROM SOUNDING DURING A HIGH RATE OF DESCENT. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On Tuesday, August 17, 1993, about 0225 eastern daylight time, a Swearingen SA-226, N220KC, owned by Aviation Services, Inc. (ASI), of Hartford, Connecticut, was destroyed when it impacted and sank in the Connecticut River, following an aborted landing at the Hartford-Brainard Airport, Hartford, Connecticut. Both pilots received fatal injuries. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed. An instrument flight plan had been filed for the flight operating under 14 CFR 91. The Pilot-In-Command (PIC), Scott Cobble, and the Second-In- Command (SIC), Gary Payne, departed the Hartford-Brainard (HFD) airport as a crew in N220KC for a scheduled three day mission, on August 15, 1993. They arrived in Atlantic City (ACY), New Jersey, about 0930. During the day, they completed two round trip flights in two different company Shorts, SD3 airplanes, and terminated the days flying at ACY, about 2345. The crew was off duty from their arrival at ACY until the evening of August 16, 1993, at a company provided motel room. At 2100, they departed ACY for Springfield, Massachusetts, in N220KC, and arrived back at ACY at 2350. Their final departure from ACY was at 0010, August 17, 1993. They arrived at La Guardia (LGA) Airport, New York, at 0050, discharged passengers, and departed LGA at 0100, for FRG. They arrived at FRG at approximately 0115, shut the airplane down, and discharged the remaining passengers. The PIC telephoned the ASI Director of Operations in Hartford, Connecticut, and advised him of their location and their estimated time of arrival at HFD. The director of Operations stated that the communication was a normal procedure and that the PIC seemed composed, and expressed no complaints. At 0123, a crewmember telephoned New York Automated Flight Service and requested the weather at HFD. A weather briefing was provided along with the telephone number for the crew to obtain an instrument clearance from New York Tri-Area Radar Control (TRACON). A crewmember of N220KC obtained the Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) clearance by telephone, and at 0153 was issued a takeoff release by telephone, with a void time of 0204. The PIC, whose voice was identified by the ASI, Director of Operations, from the cockpit voice recorder tape, reported airborne from FRG at 0203 to the TRACON controller. Post accident investigation revealed that the PIC was seated in the left seat and the flying SIC was seated in the right seat. Radar contact was established with N220KC and a climb was issued to 5,000 feet where it remained until the initial descent into Hartford, Connecticut. At 0212, the PIC of N220KC contacted Bradley Approach Control and advised that they were at 5,000 feet. The controller advised N220KC to expect the LDA (Localizer Directional Aid) to runway 02 and issued the last weather observation for Brainard which was taken at 2345. At 0216, the controller issued a heading for a radar vector to the LDA final approach, and then instructed N220KC to descend to 2,500 feet. According to the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) transcript, the crew completed an approach briefing at 0213. The time from the final approach to the missed approach point, and the planned approach speeds were not discussed. After being issued the descent to 2,500 feet the PIC completed the descent checklist items at 0218. The last two items on the checklist, crew briefing, and calculations of the landing weight and the approach reference speed, were not discussed. At 0218:48, the controller issued N220KC the approach clearance and a final heading to intercept the localizer course. The PIC of N220KC acknowledged the clearance. During the next 2 minutes the SIC requested progressive flap settings, which the PIC accomplished. The SIC stated at 0220:36, "crossing Lomis," which was the final approach fix. Over the next minute, communications between the SIC and PIC consisted of a request for a 3/4 flap setting, power adjustments, course alignment, confirmation of the minimum descent altitude and an adjustment of sink rate. The PIC reported to the SIC at 0221:58, "okay, keep her coming down Gary, there's the runway." At that point the SIC stated, "alrighty, my power, landing flaps." There was no recording on the CVR that a before landing checklist readout was discussed or accomplished. At about 0222, the PIC called the Bradley Approach Controller and cancelled their IFR flight plan and indicated that they were clear of the clouds at 1,100 feet. The controller acknowledged the cancellation and advised N220KC to "squawk VFR" on their transponder. After the cancellation with Bradley, a company airplane transmitted on the airport UNICOM frequency and inquired if N220KC was on that frequency. The PIC of N220KC stated, "Yeah Bob, we're...getting ready to touch down." A request for weather information was made by the company airplane, and the PIC of N220KC requested that they standby. A fast metallic grinding noise was heard on the CVR at 0223:45, followed by a sound similar to that of a loud metallic impact. The following is an excerpt of the Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript, starting at 0222:48: 0222:48 PIC Okay speeds are (good). 0222:49 SIC Good, Good, Good. 0222:50 PIC Looking good, looking good. 0222:54 PIC Yeah, we're at ref plus fifteen..ref plus ten..plus ten..down five..plus ten..plus fifteen. 0223:11 PIC Ref. 0223:39 SIC Yeah we're good, we're good. 0223:44.5 [sound similar to that of fast metallic grinding] 0223:45.0 [sound similar to that of loud metallic impact] 0223:45.8 SIC What was that? 0223:46.2 [sound similar to that of fast metallic grinding] 0223:46.6 [sound similar to that of loud metallic impact] 0223:47.0 [sound similar to that of decrease in prop RPM] 0223:47.8 SIC The # [expletive deleted] gear. 0223:49.0 SIC Is it down? 0223:50.0 PIC Yeah gear's down. 0223:51.0 SIC No it's up. 0223:52.7 SIC Give me some power, give me some power. 0223:53.5 PIC Gear's down. 0223:54.8 SIC It's up. 0223:55.3 PIC # 0223:56.7 SIC Give me some power there Scotty. 0223:59.3 SIC Give me some power (we're going below) 0224:00.2 PIC It's indicating up, it's ind-...#. 0224:02.5 SIC Give me some power, give me some- 0224:08.1 PIC # 0224:11.3 SIC Give me some power. Similar interaction between the SIC and PIC continued for the next 12 seconds, followed by a sound similar to that of the stall warning horn at 0224:20.1. The CVR tape ended at 0224:26.3 Two witnesses located at a power plant, 1/2 mile north of the airport, observed N220KC in an approximate 80 to 90 degree left bank, 100 feet above the Connecticut river. They stated that the airplane passed close to a barge unloader which is a crane approximately 125 feet high, with a boom that extends about 30 feet out over the water. The witnesses observed the airplane descend behind a stone wall, and heard the airplane impact the water. One witness who observed the airplane stated: "Jeff and I were walking towards the Transfer Building and noticed a plane out of control. It just missed the barge unloader and the wings were in a vertical position...the engines sounded way off. We immediately ran inside and called control room-emergency...When we went back out all we saw was the tail of the plane sticking out of the water. It stayed there for about 10 minutes and then went under." The airplane struck the water approximately 1,000 feet beyond the barge unloader. It was submerged in 25 feet of water about 30 feet from the shore, directly in front of a power plant water intake tunnel. The accident occurred during the hours ## Aircraft - Registration: [N220KC](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N220KC-1994-06-30), registration cancelled 1994-06-30, S/N TC231 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: SWEARINGEN SA-226-TC - Registry model: [Swearingen SA226TC](https://openairdocs.org/model/swearingen-sa226tc) (registry code 8780404) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: TC-231 - Airframe hours: 16710 - Engines: GARRETT TPE-331-3U 940 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Positioning, Part 91 - Registered owner: Aviation Services Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, July 27, 1993, 26 hours before - Departed: FRG, FARMINGDALE, NY - Destination: HFD - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: HFD, Hartford-Brainard, runway 2, 4,418 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 29; airline transport, commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: helicopter, airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 4,200 total, 600 in this make and model, 4,000 as pilot in command, 186 in the last 90 days, 56 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Night/dark - Wind: calm - Visibility: 2.5 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,500 ft broken - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 61 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: EHT, 2 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19930817029569A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930817029569A), Aug 17, 1993: Swrngn SA226TC, Hartford, CT, Destroyed, 2 fatal. Confusion in cockpit. Tail and prop strikes on runway. SIC thought gear up. Began go around,gear down. Rolled over. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.