# NTSB NYC94FA004: Piper PA-23-250, N10GL, East Hampton, NY, October 6, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: October 6, 1993, 12:35 local (16:35 UTC) - Place: East Hampton, NY - Coordinates: 40.950973, -72.189842 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.9510&lon=-72.1898&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed, report September 30, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38656 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=NYC94FA004 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38656/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=38656 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94FA004 ## Probable cause INADVERTENT FEATHERING OF BOTH PROPELLERS BY THE STUDENT PILOT, WHICH RESULTED IN A LOSS OF POWER, AND FAILURE (OR INABILITY) OF THE INSTRUCTOR PILOT (CFI) TO ATTAIN REMEDIAL ACTION. A FACTOR RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WAS: THE STUDENT PILOT'S HABIT INTERFERENCE, CONCERNING THE DIFFERENT POSITION OF THE ENGINE CONTROLS IN THIS AIRPLANE, AS COMPARED THE THE PREVIOUS AIRPLANE THAT HE HAD FLOWN. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, approach - all engines - propeller feathering - inadvertent, dual student (cause) - habit interference, dual student (contributing factor) - remedial action - not attained, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with object, landing - object - tree(s) ## Analysis THE FLIGHT, INVOLVING AN INSTRUCTOR AND STUDENT, CRASHED IN A WOODED AREA ABOUT A MILE SOUTHEAST OF RUNWAY 28 AT EAST HAMPTON AIRPORT. THE PILOT RADIOED 10 MILES WEST OF THE AIRPORT, REQUESTED, AND RECEIVED AIRPORT ADVISORIES. NO OTHER KNOWN RADIO CALLS WERE MADE BY THE PILOT. A WITNESS NEAR THE ACCIDENT SITE, FIRST HEARD AN AIRPLANE; LATER, HE HEARD THE ENGINE SOUNDS STOP. AFTER ABOUT ANOTHER 40 SECONDS, HE HEARD THE SOUND OF A CRASH. AN INVESTIGATION REVEALED THAT BOTH PROPELLERS WERE FEATHERED; AN EXAMINATION OF THE AIRPLANE DID NOT DISCLOSE EVIDENCE OF MECHANICAL MALFUNCTION. THE STUDENT WAS A 3500 HOUR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATED PILOT WHO WAS TRAINING FOR A MULTIENGINE RATING. THE INVESTIGATION ALSO REVEALED THAT ON PREVIOUS TRAINING FLIGHTS, THE STUDENT HAD DEMONSTRATED A LACK OF PROFICIENCY IN THE PERFORMANCE OF SIMULATED INSTRUMENT AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES. ALSO, THE INVESTIGATION REVEALED THAT THE STUDENT HAD PREVIOUSLY FLOWN A BEECH 95, WHICH HAD REVERSE PLACEMENT OF THROTTLES, PROPS, AND MIXTURE CONTROLS. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On October 6, 1993, about 1235 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-23-250, N10GL, piloted by a certified flight instructor [CFI] Mr. Daniel J. Marshall, and a second pilot Mr. Roy I. Arroll, collided with trees while in the traffic patter in preparation for landing at the East Hampton Airport, East Hampton, New York. The airplane was destroyed by the post impact fire. Both pilots were fatally injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed. The flight was being conducted under 14 CFR 91. The purpose of this flight was to provide multiengine training to Mr. Arroll. At approximately 1230, the pilot of N10GL, made radio contact with East Hampton Airport's UNICOM, and asked for advisories. The pilot indicated that he was 10 miles west of the airport. There was no other radio contact with the airplane. A witness walking on a road near the accident site, Mr. Carl Hettiger, heard the airplane fly over head, but could not see it. Mr. Hettiger wrote in his statement: ...about 30 seconds later [after first hearing the airplane] I heard no motor, thinking the plane turn[ed] the motor off to glide into [the] airport. About 30 to 40 seconds later I heard a loud noise like something blowing up...and saw a large column of black smoke. The accident occurred during the hours of daylight approximately 40 degrees, 57 minutes north, and 72 degrees, 15 minutes west. PERSONNEL INFORMATION Mr. Daniel Marshall was born on June 5, 1931. He held Airline Transport Pilot Certificate, No. 61222812, with airplane mutiengine and airplane single engine land ratings; flight instructor, airplane single and multiengine, instrument airplane. Mr. Marshall was issued a Second Class Airman Medical Certificate on June 3, 1993, with limitations, must wear corrective lenses. Mr. Marshall's records showing his total flight hours were not located. It was estimated from information provided by the FAA that he had a total of 4,000 flight hours. Mr. Roy Arroll was born on October 6, 1925. He held a Commercial Pilot Certificate, No. 1421054, with a single engine land and sea, instrument airplane ratings. Mr. Arroll was issued a Third Class Airman Medical Certificate on December 9, 1991, with limitations, must wear lenses for distant vision, and posses glasses for near vision. Mr. Arroll's records showing his total flight hours were not located. It was estimated from information provided by the FAA that he had a total of 3,500 flight hours. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION There is no weather reporting station at the East Hampton Airport. Ms. Jodye Pulsonetti was operating the UNICOM at the time of the accident, and wrote in her statement, "It was a clear day with unrestricted visibility. We advised runway 28, wind NW at 4." WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The wreckage was examined at the accident site on October 5-6, 1993. The airplane impacted in a wooded area on the west side of Daniels Hole Road, approximately 150 yards from the road surface. The initial impact point was a tree approximately 75 feet above the ground. Directly under the tree was a red navigation light lens. Approximately 51 feet from initial impact with the tree the left outboard section, of the left wing, with the left fuel tank was lying near a second tree, that was struck about 25 feet above the ground. About 20 feet northeast of the second tree was the left horizontal stabilizer. The airplane continued on a path of 030 degrees for 18 feet, and came to rest inverted. After impacting the ground the airplane was engulfed in flames. The fire completely destroyed the airplane forward of the tail, rendering all the instruments, switches, and radios unreadable. All of the fire damage was confined to the area around the main wreckage. Flight control continuity to all flight controls was established through the control cables. The tail section was lying inverted out side the fire area, and there was no heat or smoke damage observed on the vertical stabilizer, right horizontal stabilizer or the rudder. The rudder was deflected to the left, full travel to the stops. The rudder trim was deflected approximately two inches to the right, and displayed impact damage on the top of the trim tab. Both engines were inverted and had received heat damage from the fire. Both engines were removed from the accident site and examined. The blades on both propellers displayed no chordwise marks or twisting damage. The blades on both propellers were found in the feathered position. The spinner dome on the right propeller did not display any rotation damage; but was crushed against the leading edges of the blades, and cut out marks in the spinner. MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION An autopsy was performed on both pilots, Mr. Daniel J. Marshall and Mr. Roy I. Arroll, on October 7, 1993, at the Suffolk County Medical Examiner's Office, Hauppauge, New York, by Dr. Gwen Harlaman. The autopsy revealed that the cause of death for both men was, "... smoke inhalation and thermal injuries..." The toxicological tests on both men were conducted at the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA), Toxicology and Accident Research Laboratory, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and revealed, "... no drugs or alcohol where found." TEST AND RESEARCH The engines and propellers were removed from N10GL, and examined under the supervision of the NTSB. The engines were examined at Mattituck Airbase, Mattituck, New York, on November 3-4, 1993. The propellers were examined at Hartzell Propeller's facilities, Piqua, Ohio, on November 23, 1993. Both engines were completely disassembled. All the interior and external parts were examined. Except for impact and post impact fire damage, no discrepancies were found with either engine. Disassembly and examination of both propellers revealed that neither propeller spinner or propeller blades showed any signs of rotation at impact. Impact damage to the left propeller preload plates of blades L-1 and L-2 revealed that the left propeller was at or near the feather position at the time of impact. No internal impact marks were observed on the right propeller blade preload plates. It was determined that the spinner dome cut-out marks, made when at impact when the dome made contact against the leading edges of the blades, indicated that the blades were in feather when the dome was crushed. Examination of both propellers and both propeller governors revealed no discrepancies. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION An inquiry into Mr. Arroll's airman records, written statements by a professional sales demonstration pilot, and a designated pilot examiner, revealed that Mr. Arroll was not rated or qualified in mutiengine airplanes. Mr. Robert Osinski, Chief Flight Instructor, Mid Island Air Service Inc., submitted a written statement reference Mr Arroll's pilot skills. According to Mr. Osinski's statement, he had administered a flight test to Mr. Arroll on August 23, 1992. Mr. Osinski wrote, that the flight was given in a Beechcraft BE-95 airplane, and that, "...Mr. Arroll's performance did not conform to the standards outlined in the Practical Test Standards for a Commercial Multiengine Instrument Pilot." According to Mr. Osinski's statement: ...under the hood for a VOR approach...[and] about 10 miles to the east of the VOR...I asked him to descend from three thousand feet to two thousand feet...direct to the VOR...level at two thousand feet I cleared him for the approach. I then pulled back the throttle on the left engine to simulate a engine failure. Mr. Arroll did not appear to following any emergency procedures...his heading and altitude were erratic to the point of not being able to track the VOR. After passing abeam the VOR Mr. Arroll start ## Aircraft - Registration: [N10GL](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N10GL-1994-06-27), registration cancelled 1994-06-27, S/N 277854100 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-23-250 - Registry model: [Piper PA-23-250](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-23-250) (registry code 7102308) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 27-7854100 - Airframe hours: 3650 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-540-C4B5 250 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Roy I. Arroll, doing business as Arroll Corp. - Registered owner: Roy I. Arroll - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, August 1, 1993 - Departed: ISP, ISLIP, NY - Destination: ISP - Airport: HTO, East Hampton, runway 28, 4,242 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 62; flight instructor, airline transport, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; toxicology performed; flight hours: 4,000 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 290° at 4 knots - Visibility: 15 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 52 °F, dew point 39 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: FOK, 9 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19931006037759A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19931006037759A), Oct 6, 1993: Piper PA23250, East Hampton, NY, Destroyed, 2 fatal. Struck trees on approach to airport. Crashed. Both props found feathered. Indicates se given. Feathered wrong engine ## Docket (21 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 19, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=38656. 3.2 MB in all. - Supplement a (item 1, PDF, 2 pages, 189 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13639444&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Supplement%20A-Master-Rel.pdf - Supplement b (item 2, PDF, 4 pages, 242 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13639740&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Supplement%20B-Master-Rel.pdf - Supplement e (item 3, PDF, 2 pages, 130 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13639743&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Supplement%20E-Master-Rel.pdf - Supplement k (item 4, PDF, 5 pages, 301 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13639447&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Supplement%20K-Master-Rel.pdf - Supplement I (item 5, PDF, 3 pages, 180 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640702&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Supplement%20I-Master-Rel.pdf - Witness statements (item 6, PDF, 6 pages, 417 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13641089&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Witness%20Statements-Master-Rel.pdf - Reports from federal agencies (item 7, PDF, 2 pages, 38 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13639450&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Reports%20from%20Federal%20Agencies-Master-Rel.pdf - Reports from local agencies (item 8, PDF, 6 pages, 419 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640048&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Reports%20from%20Local%20Agencies-Master-Rel.pdf - Reports from parties to the investigation (item 9, PDF, 6 pages, 78 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13641373&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Reports%20from%20Parties%20to%20the%20Investigation-Master-Rel.pdf - Other pertinent forms and reports (item 10, PDF, 1 page, 48 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640737&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Other%20Pertinent%20Forms%20and%20Reports-Master-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 11, PDF, 4 pages, 402 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640740&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Master-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage NTSB form 612012 (item 12, PDF, 6 pages, 226 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640743&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage%20NTSB%20Form%20612012-Master-Rel.pdf - Toxicological reports (item 13, PDF, 2 pages, 112 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13641611&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Toxicological%20Reports-Master-Rel.pdf - Photo 1 general view of the accident site the arrow points to the right engine (item 14, PDF, 1 page, 58 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640607&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%201%20%20General%20view%20of%20the%20accident%20site%20The%20arrow%20points%20to%20the%20right%20engine-Master-Rel.pdf - Photo 2 photo taken in the direction of travel foreground is the outboard section of the left wing arrow points to (item 15, PDF, 1 page, 57 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13641432&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%202%20%20Photo%20taken%20in%20the%20direction%20of%20travel%20Foreground%20is%20the%20outboard%20section%20of%20the%20left%20wing%20%20Arrow%20points-Master-Rel.pdf - Photo 3 left fuel tank (item 16, PDF, 1 page, 44 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13641159&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%203%20%20Left%20fuel%20tank-Master-Rel.pdf - Photo 4 right horizontal stabilizer (item 17, PDF, 1 page, 35 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640610&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%204%20%20Right%20horizontal%20stabilizer-Master-Rel.pdf - Photo 5 tail section tha arrow points to impact damage on the rudder trim tab (item 18, PDF, 1 page, 58 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640613&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%205%20%20Tail%20section%20%20Tha%20arrow%20points%20to%20impact%20damage%20on%20the%20rudder%20trim%20tab-Master-Rel.pdf - Photo 6 left engine and propeller (item 19, PDF, 1 page, 52 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640746&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%206%20%20Left%20engine%20and%20propeller-Master-Rel.pdf - Photo 7 right engine and propeller the arrow points to the spinner (item 20, PDF, 1 page, 50 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13641162&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%207%20%20Right%20engine%20and%20propeller%20%20The%20arrow%20points%20to%20the%20spinner-Master-Rel.pdf - Photo 8 enngine power quadrant (item 21, PDF, 1 page, 47 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13640626&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%208%20%20Enngine%20power%20quadrant-Master-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. 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