# NTSB NYC94LA059: Piper PA-32-300, N7303R, Norwood, MA, March 16, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: March 15, 1994, 21:48 local (Mar 16, 1994, 02:48 UTC) - Place: Norwood, MA - Location: 42.1905° N, 71.1729° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs at NORWOOD MEML (OWD), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.1905&lon=-71.1729&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 18, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38737 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=NYC94LA059 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38737/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA059 ## Probable cause THE INADEQUATE SUPERVISION BY THE INSTRUCTOR PILOT DURING THE LANDING, RESULTING IN THE IMPROPER RUNWAY ALIGNMENT BY THE STUDENT PILOT, AND THE SUBSEQUENT COLLISION WITH A SNOWBANK. A FACTOR RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WAS THE INCOMPLETE RUNWAY SNOW REMOVAL. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water collision with object, landing - airport facilities,runway/landing area condition - snowbank (contributing factor) - airport facilities,runway/landing area condition - inadequate (contributing factor) - airport snow removal - inadequate, airport personnel (contributing factor) - proper alignment - not maintained, dual student (cause) - supervision - inadequate, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - Gear collapsed, landing ## Analysis THE STUDENT PILOT AND FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR WERE LANDING AT NIGHT ON A RUNWAY WHICH WAS 150 FEET WIDE, OF WHICH 95 FEET WERE PLOWED OF SNOW. THEY HAD DEPARTED THE SAME AIRPORT EARLIER THAT DAY. THE RUNWAY LIGHTS WERE ILLUMINATED, BUT WERE LOCATED OUTSIDE THE SNOW COVERED PART OF THE RUNWAY. THE STUDENT ALIGNED THE AIRPLANE WITH THE SNOWED COVERED SECTION. THE INSTRUCTOR CAUTIONED THE STUDENT ABOUT THIS ALIGNMENT DURING THE APPROACH, BUT DID NOT TAKE CORRECTIVE ACTION. THE AIRPLANE COLLIDED WITH THE SNOWBANK, SHEARED THE LANDING GEARS AND BUCKLED THE FUSELAGE. ## Factual narrative On Tuesday, March 15, 1994, at 2148 eastern standard time, a Piper PA-32-300, N7303R, piloted by Julius Johannes Laenen, sustained substantial damage during a landing at the Norwood Memorial Airport, Norwood, Massachusetts. The two pilots were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and an IFR flight plan was filed. The flight was being conducted under 14 CFR 91. The instructor, Mr. Laenen, and student, Karl Karlson, were completing an instructional flight. The student conducted the landing on runway 35, which is 150 feet wide, but only about 95 feet had been plowed of snow. During the landing, the airplane impacted a snow bank, sheared the landing gear and damaged the fuselage. In his written statement, the instructor said: Runway had not been plowed inside the runway lights and snow was piled up on both sides of runway (left greater than the right side). The snow was not visible on the runway between the bright runway lights. Mr. James W.R. Volner, Aviation Safety Inspector for the Federal Aviation Administration, stated in his report: Since the landing was being made [in] darkness ...the cleared portion of the runway's asphalt surface was very black. The remaining snow plowed on the runway edge gave a more visually "reflective" surface which afforded the flying pilot better landing clues....The deceptively widely spaced low intensity runway edge lights may have added to the appearance of an acceptable landing area width. On the other hand...both of the crew...were based at Norwood and had departed from the same runway an hour earlier.... Just after crossing the airport boundary...the flying pilot flew to the left landing in the snow. The snowbank was not visible to the instructor pilot in the right seat, who warned the flying pilot [that the] aircraft was drifting left just before touchdown. The airport has the capability to only plow the snow [on] the runway. Should the runway be plowed full width, the snow would be pushed on to and cover the low intensity runway lights. There are no center line lights....the airport manager [stated that] if the airport had a snow blower, he would be able to clean the runway to full width. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N7303R](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N7303R-2017-04-13), registration cancelled 2017-04-13, S/N 32-7340043, built 1972 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-32-300 - Registry model: [Piper PA-32-300](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-32-300) (registry code 7103212) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 32-73400043 - Engines: Lycoming IO-540-K 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Norwood Air, Inc. - Registered owner: David O'Donahoe - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: OWD, Norwood Memorial, runway 35, 4,007 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 29; airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; flight hours: 3,500 total, 70 in this make and model, 3,100 as pilot in command, 100 in the last 90 days, 30 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: calm - Visibility: 3 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 3,000 ft broken - Temperature: 37 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: OWD ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940315016119A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940315016119A), Mar 15, 1994: Piper PA32300, Norwood, MA, Substantial damage. Night landing on partial plowed runway. Runway lights outside plowed area. CFI failed act. Plane landed in snowbank From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.