# NTSB NYC95LA108: Cessna 310J, Ararat, PA, May 13, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: May 13, 1995, 19:17 local (23:17 UTC) - Place: Ararat, PA - Coordinates: 41.8609, -75.509635 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.8609&lon=-75.5096&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 27, 1996 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38958 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=NYC95LA108 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38958/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA108 ## Probable cause THE COMPLETE LOSS OF ELECTRICAL POWER FOR UNDETERMINED REASONS, AND THE PILOT'S IMPROPER DECISION TO MAKE AN OFF-AIRPORT LANDING. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, cruise - normal - light condition - dusk - electrical system - undetermined (cause) - Main gear collapsed, landing - roll - in-flight planning/decision - improper, pilot in command (cause) - lack of familiarity with aircraft, pilot in command - terrain condition - rough/uneven - precautionary landing - performed, pilot in command - landing gear,main gear - overload ## Analysis ABOUT 30 MIN INTO THE FLIGHT, AT 10,000 FT, THE TRANSPONDER WAS REPORTED INOPERATIVE BY ATC. THIS WAS FOLLOWED BY A LOSS OF COMM AND NAV EQUIPMENT. THE PILOT COULD NOT RESET EITHER GENERATOR, AND NOTICED THAT THE FUEL GAUGES WERE READING LOW. HE STARTED A DESCENT WHILE STILL IN VMC CONDITIONS TO FIND AN AIRPORT. DURING THE DESCENT THE PILOT NOTICED THAT THE FUEL GAUGES WERE READING LOWER. AT 4,000 FT THE MAIN FUEL GAUGES INDICATED EMPTY. THE PILOT'S HAND HELD GPS INDICATED AN AIRPORT WITHIN 6 MI, BUT HE WAS CONCERNED ABOUT FUEL EXHAUSTION AND DECIDED TO MAKE AN OFF-AIRPORT PRECAUTIONARY LANDING. THE LANDING GEAR WAS CRANKED DOWN BY HAND. AFTER TOUCHDOWN THE RIGHT GEAR COLLAPSED. EXAMINATION REVEALED FUEL IN THE MAIN AND AUX FUEL TANKS. THE GENERATOR BELTS WERE TIGHT, AND THE WIRING WAS ATTACHED. CALCULATIONS SHOWED THAT WITH THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM RUNNING ON BATTERIES, 30 TO 40 MIN OF FLIGHT TIME AT NIGHT WOULD DISCHARGE THE BATTERIES AND CAUSE THE ELECTRICAL FAILURE. AFTER THE INITIAL DEPARTURE FROM NEWARK, THE PILOT HAD MADE AN IMMEDIATE RETURN AND LANDING TO REPLACE AN OIL CAP ON THE RIGHT ENGINE. THE PILOT THEN DEPARTED ON THIS FLIGHT. THE PILOT HAD 10 HRS IN THE CESSNA 310. ## Factual narrative On May 13, 1995, at 1917 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 310J, Canadian registry CFSLE, operated by Aviation Unlimited, Toronto, Canada, was substantially damaged during a precautionary landing to an open field in Ararat Township, Pennsylvania. The airline transport pilot and two passengers were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, for the business flight that originated from Newark, New Jersey, at 1830. An IFR flight plan had been filed for the flight conducted under 14 CFR Part 91. In the NTSB Form 6120.1/2, and during a telephone interview, the pilot stated that the flight departed Newark International Airport (EWR), for the Buttonville Airport, Toronto, Canada. He departed EWR with about 45 gallons of fuel in each wing tank and 15 gallons in each auxiliary tank. The start, run up, takeoff, and climb to 10,000 feet were uneventful. During a cruise check at 10,000 feet, the gauges for the main fuel tanks indicated 35 to 40 gallons each, and the load meter for the generators indicated a positive load. About 30 minutes into the flight, the airplane's transponder was reported to be inoperative by New York Center. The pilot stated that a few minutes later he noticed the dash panel lights were inoperative. This was followed by the communication and navigation radios failing. He also noticed that the fuel gauges were reading low. The pilot checked and found no circuit breakers opened; however, the load meter for the generators no longer indicated a positive load. The pilot could not reset the generators. He decided to descend to find an airport at which to land, while still in VMC conditions. During the descent, he noticed the fuel gauges were reading lower. He visually checked the fuel caps during the descent and did not observe any fuel leaks. The pilot stated that at 4,000 feet, the main fuel tank gauges indicated empty, and the auxiliary tank gauge indicated about 5 gallons. His hand held GPS displayed an airport within 6 miles of his position; however, concerned about fuel exhaustion, the pilot elected to make a precautionary landing to an open field. The landing gear was cranked down by hand. After touchdown, the right main gear contacted a hole in the ground and the landing gear collapsed. The airplane came to rest on the left main landing gear, nose wheel, and the right wing tip. In the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Inspector's report, and during a telephone interview, he stated that after initial takeoff from EWR, CFSLE made an immediate return and landing back at EWR. The inspector stated that the pilot replaced an oil cap on the right engine, and the airplane proceeded with a subsequent takeoff. Examination of the wreckage by the FAA Inspector revealed fuel in the main and auxiliary fuel tanks. Both generator belts were found in place, tight, and the wiring was attached. Installed in the airplane were two 12-volt, 24 ampere hour batteries, wired in series. According to the Cessna Service Manual (CSM) continuous electrical load chart, the minimum amperage load on the electrical system would have been about 15 amperes. The CSM also listed the fuel gauge system as electrical, with a draw of .15 amperes. According to the FAA Inspector's statement: ...With the electrical system running on the batteries, 30 to 40 minutes of flight time at night would discharge the batteries and cause the electrical failure. The pilot had accumulated 17,962 hours of flight experience. He had a total of 10 hours in the Cessna 310. ## Aircraft - Registration: CFSLE (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 310J - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 0133 - Airframe hours: 4050 - Engines: CONTINENTAL IO-470-V 260 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Business, Part 91 - Registered owner: Thomas Hoegl - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, December 1, 1994, 2 hours before - Departed: EWR, NEWARK, NJ - Destination: CYKZ, TORONTO - Flight plan: IFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 66; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land, multi-engine sea, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 17,962 total, 10 in this make and model, 15,660 as pilot in command, 60 in the last 90 days, 30 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Dusk - Wind: 120° at 10 knots - Visibility: 25 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 6,500 ft broken - Temperature: 70 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: AVP, 20 nm away From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.