# NTSB NYC95LA137: Field VARI-EZE, Malone, NY, July 1, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 1, 1995, 11:50 local (15:50 UTC) - Place: Malone, NY - Coordinates: 44.839889, -74.290222 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.8399&lon=-74.2902&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 25, 1996 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 38981 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=NYC95LA137 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/38981/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA137 ## Probable cause failure of the propeller speed reduction unit due to an inadequate design change by the manufacturer, which resulted in a complete loss of thrust. A factor was the rough terrain. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Propeller failure/malfunction, maneuvering - reduction gear assy,propeller shaft - failure (cause) - acft/equip,inadequate design, manufacturer (cause) - Forced landing, emergency landing - Main gear collapsed, emergency landing - terrain condition - rough/uneven (contributing factor) - landing gear,main gear - overload ## Analysis THE PILOT APPLIED POWER AT THE COMPLETION OF A LOW PASS OVER A RUNWAY AND NOTICED A VIBRATION 1 TO 2 SECONDS LATER. THIS WAS FOLLOWED BY A LOSS OF PROPELLER THRUST AND HIGH ENGINE RPM. THE PILOT SECURED THE ENGINE, AND DUE TO THE LOCATION OF PERSONNEL AND TREES, INITIATED A TURN BACK TO THE RUNWAY. AT THE COMPLETION OF THE TURN, HIS APPROACH TO THE RUNWAY WAS OBSTRUCTED BY ANOTHER AIRPLANE, AND THE PILOT LANDED IN A ROUGH FIELD ADJACENT TO THE RUNWAY. DURING THE LANDING ROLL, THE MAIN LANDING GEAR AND LEFT WING SEPARATED. INVESTIGATION REVEALED THAT THE AIRPLANE WAS EQUIPPED WITH A SUBARU ENGINE AND A ONE-OF-A-KIND, THREE-BEARING, PROPELLER SPEED REDUCTION UNIT (PSRU). THE THREE-BEARING PSRU HAD REPLACED A PRODUCTION TWO-BEARING PSRU, WHICH HAD ACCUMULATED 125 HOURS SUCCESSFULLY. EXAMINATION OF THE PSRU REVEALED THAT THE PROPELLER SHAFT FAILED NEAR THE CENTER BEARING. THIS WAS DUE TO THERMAL EXPANSION OF A MOUNTING PLATE, WHICH RESULTED IN A BENDING OF THE SHAFT AT THE CENTER BEARING. ## Factual narrative On July 1, 1995, at 1150 eastern daylight time, a homebuilt VARI-EZE, CGMEZ, was substantially damaged during a forced landing to the Malone-Dufort Airport (MAL), Malone, New York. The private pilot was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, for the personal flight that departed MAL, at 1130. No flight plan had been filed for the flight conducted under 14 CFR Part 91. In the NTSB Form 6120.1/2, the pilot stated that he had completed three loose formation passes over runway 23, with another homebuilt airplane. He added power at the completion of the last low pass, and noticed a vibration 1 to 2 seconds later. This was followed by a loss of propeller thrust and high engine RPM. The pilot secured the engine, and due to personnel to his left, and trees directly ahead and to the right, he initiated a turn back to the runway. At the completion of the 180 degree turn, he observed the airplane from the formation flight approaching head-on. The pilot then performed a landing to a rough field, adjacent to runway 23. During the landing roll, the main landing gear and left wing separated from the airplane. The pilot stated that initial examination of the wreckage revealed that the propeller shaft had failed at the junction of the middle bearing inner ring. The pilot further stated: Prior to removal of the PSRU [propeller speed reduction unit], a professional mechanical engineer and several other knowledgeable people inspected the failed PSRU. The PSRU vendor was also consulted by phone. It was agreed by all...the cause was bending induced fatigue failure, induced by thermal expansion of the PSRU back plate. This caused the front bearing to rise while the center and rear bearings were held rigid by the common housing. This induced a slight bend in the shaft with the stress focused right at the center bearing inner ring. The PSRU was sent to the Transportation Safety Board (TSB) of Canada, for further examination. The TSB of Canada report stated: ...the shaft failed in a progressive manner from fatigue cracking at the stress concentration provided by the change in shaft diameter...The material of construction was shown to be a unalloyed steel, in the normalized condition, resulting in a relatively low strength material for the application. The fatigue resistance of the part would certainly have been improved by the use of the intended AISI 4140 alloy material... The airplane was built in 1984, and flown 566 hours with a Lycoming, O-234 engine. In 1994, the Lycoming engine was replaced by a Subaru, EA-81. In addition, a synchronous belt PSRU was installed. This was a "two bearing" unit, that drove the propeller at a ratio of 1.84 to 1. The airplane accumulated another 125 hours with this installation. During the winter of 1994/1995, the PSRU was replaced with a one-of-a-kind unit. This unit utilized a third bearing to provide support for a longer propeller shaft. According to the pilot's statement, the new unit was ground tested for 8 hours, and flown for 49 flight hours, prior to the failure. ## Aircraft - Registration: CGMEZ (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: FIELD VARI-EZE - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: M001 - Airframe hours: 740 - Engines: Subaru EA-81 110 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Nigel G. Field - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Departed: MAL - Airport: MAL, Malone-Dufort ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 49; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: front; flight hours: 960 total, 720 in this make and model, 910 as pilot in command, 49 in the last 90 days, 32 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 190° at 10 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 4,500 ft broken - Temperature: 84 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.