# NTSB NYC96LA154: Cessna 172K, N46700, West Milford, NJ, July 22, 1996 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 22, 1996, 18:30 local (22:30 UTC) - Place: West Milford, NJ - Location: 41.1284° N, 74.3465° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs at GREENWOOD LAKE (4N1), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.1284&lon=-74.3465&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 1, 1997 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 39221 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=NYC96LA154 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/39221/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC96LA154 ## Probable cause the pilot's failure in attaining the proper touchdown point, and his delay in initiating a go-around (aborted landing). ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight collision with object, landing - aborted - object - tree(s) - proper touchdown point - not obtained, pilot in command (cause) - raising of flaps - premature, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis An airline transport pilot, occuping the right front seat of the airplane, was performing takeoffs and landings to runway 24, with a passenger in the left front seat, and another passenger seated in the rear seat. The airplane landed long, with full flaps, and the pilot decided to abort the landing (go around). The pilot stated that the airplane failed to accelerate, and he retracted 'some' of the flaps. During the aborted landing, the airplane struck trees about 300 feet south of the runway. Examination of the airplane revealed no pre-impact failure of the engine, airframe or flight controls, and the flaps were at approximately 10 degrees. The pilot listed the runway length as 4,000 feet; however, the actual length was 2,734 feet. The Owner's Manual listed a ground roll landing distance of 520 feet for a maximum gross weight airplane under standard conditions, and total takeoff distance of 1,525 feet to clear a 50 foot obstacle. ## Factual narrative On July 22, 1996, at 1830 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 172K, N46700, was substantially damaged during an aborted landing and collision with trees at the Greenwood Lake Airport, West Milford, New Jersey. The certificated airline transport pilot and two passengers were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the personal flight that originated at the Greenwood Lake Airport, about 1810. No flight plan had been filed for the flight conducted under 14 CFR Part 91. According to the pilot, he was practicing takeoffs and landings to runway 24. In the NTSB Form 6120.1/2 he stated: "A decision was made to execute a go around/missed approach. Normal procedures were complied with. Aircraft failed to accelerate. In order to avoid high terrain dead ahead, a maneuver was executed to position the aircraft where it came to rest." According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Inspector's report: "...the aircraft...was laying...at the base of trees which were hit in the crash. It was located 100 yards south of Rwy 24. [The pilot]...told me he was practicing touch and go landings to Rwy 24 and his last landing was a little long. He had full flaps down and when he elected to go around, the aircraft would not accelerate. He [started] to take some flap up, but did not get them all up because he was getting into the trees. He could not understand why the airplane would not accelerate." Examination of the airplane revealed no pre-impact failure of the engine, airframe or flight controls, and the flaps were at approximately 10 degrees. Under balked landing, The Cessna Owner's Manual stated: "In a balked landing (go-around) climb, reduce the wing flap setting to 20 degrees immediately after full power is applied. If the flaps were extended to 40 degrees, the reduction to 20 degrees may be approximated by placing the flap switch in the UP position for two seconds and then returning the switch to neutral. If obstacles must be cleared during the go-around climb, leave the wing flaps in the 10 to 20 degrees range and maintain a climb speed of 65 to 75 MPH until the obstacles are cleared. The manual also stated, Under Wing Flap Settings, that the use of 10 degrees of flaps would shorten the ground run; however, the advantage was lost during the climb to clear a 50 foot obstacle. Under Take-Off Data in the manual, it listed a total takeoff distance of 1,525 feet, to clear a 50 foot obstacle, with the flaps retracted, at a 2,300 pound takeoff weight, at sea level and 59 degrees F. It also listed a ground roll landing distance of 520 feet for the same conditions. The pilot listed the runway length in the NTSB Form 6120.1/2, as 4,000 feet. The actual runway length, as listed in several airport directories was 2,734 feet. The pilot also listed the seat that he occupied during the accident as the right seat. The passenger listed in the front left seat, traditionally the pilot-in-command seat, obtained a student pilot certificate in August 1996. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N46700](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N46700-1997-02-24), registration cancelled 1997-02-24, S/N 17257436 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172K - Registry model: [Cessna 172K](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172k) (registry code 2072430) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17257436 - Airframe hours: 3281 - Engines: Lycoming O-320E2D 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: T.R. Pegasus - Registered owner: Torree Air Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility - Last inspection: 100 hour, January 10, 1996, 85 hours before - Departed: 4N1 - Airport: 4N1, Greenwood Lake, runway 24, 2,734 × 50 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 49; flight engineer, commercial, airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: right; flight hours: 13,000 total, 1,200 in this make and model, 3,000 as pilot in command, 20 in the last 90 days, 15 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 200° at 8 knots - Visibility: 30 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 77 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: SWF, 26 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19960722019559A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19960722019559A), Jul 22, 1996: Cessna 172K, West Milford, NJ, Destroyed. Practicing landings, on attempted go around did not accelerate, tried to land parking lot, hit trees. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.