# NTSB NYC98LA177: Douglas DC-9-30, N927VJ, Philadelphia, PA, September 2, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 2, 1998, 18:05 local (22:05 UTC) - Place: Philadelphia, PA - Coordinates: 39.989196, -75.140609 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.9892&lon=-75.1406&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 86 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 11, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 43830 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=NYC98LA177 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/43830/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=43830 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA177 ## Probable cause the failure of the fuel truck driver to follow airport operating procedures, and yield the right-of-way to the airplane. Factors were the stopped airplane, which obscured the fuel truck from the approaching airplane and the approaching airplane from the fuel truck, and the lack of visual aids on the vehicle to help compensate for restricted driver visibility to the right. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water collision with object, taxi - from landing - airport operations - not followed, driver of vehicle (cause) - visual lookout - restricted, driver of vehicle (contributing factor) - visual lookout - restricted, pilot in command (contributing factor) ## Analysis The DC-9-30 cleared the runway and was taxiing into an alleyway entrance between terminal concourses, when it's left wing struck a fuel truck that was traveling on a service road. The fuel truck, traveling from left to right, came from behind a stopped airplane. The fuel truck was about 150 feet beyond the vehicle stop sign. The airplane's left main landing gear tire left skid marks 47 feet in length on the ramp. The fuel truck driver reported he had stopped at the stop sign prior to crossing the alleyway entrance. The stop sign only required a stop if aircraft were present. In addition, drivers were taught that airplanes had the right of way over vehicles. The fuel truck driver's visibility to the right was restricted by equipment on the truck and the stopped airplane. The pilot's visibility to the left was restricted by the stopped airplane. When the fuel truck appeared from behind the stopped airplane, the fuel truck driver observed the airplane, stopped, and was attempting to back out of the way when he was struck by the airplane. ## Factual narrative On September 2, 1998, about 1805 eastern daylight time, a Douglas DC-9-30, N927VJ, operated by US Airways as flight 1722, struck a refueling vehicle at Philadelphia International Airport, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The airplane received substantial damage. In addition, the fuel truck was damaged. There were no injuries to the certificated airline transport captain, co-pilot, 3 flight attendants, 81 passengers and refueling truck driver. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the international passenger flight that originated in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, at 1641. Flight 1722 was operated on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan under 14 CFR Part 121. Flight 1722 was about 1 hour 20 minutes behind schedule. The airplane landed on runway 27R, and exited the runway to the right at a high speed turnoff, K-4. The airplane continued with a right turn and passed through intersection OSCAR, headed straight toward the alleyway entrance between concourses A and B. Flight 1722 was cleared to change from tower frequency, to ground control, and then to US Airways ramp control. The flight was scheduled to arrive at gate B-8. In a written statement, the captain stated: "...I cleared the left side of the aircraft and proceeded toward the gate area. Just prior to entering the alleyway between Concourses A and B, my peripheral vision caught an object to our left. I immediately applied full brakes and immediately felt something contact the aircraft. I notified ramp control. Emergency equipment was called. It was determined that an evacuation was not necessary. There were no injuries to crew or passengers. Ultimately, the passengers were deplaned and transported to the terminal...." The operator of the refueling truck had recently transferred experienced drivers, including the accident driver, from other airports to increase the work force at Philadelphia. The accident driver first received 2 days of on the job training, which included riding with another driver. He also passed his Philadelphia Airport, vehicle airport operations area test, after which he was released for work. The accident occurred on his third day of work. He reported that he had serviced an airplane on the west side of concourse A. As he approached the alleyway entrance between concourses A and B, he observed a US Airways B737 to his right just outside of the outer service road. He further stated: "...I proceeded down the roadway [and] stopped before the stop [sign] next to 737. The 737 was to the right of the tanker. I look[ed] around and didn't see anything else coming or going. Seeing that the 737 wasn't going, I proceeded on looking to the left to see if any planes were taxiing out. I look[ed] to the right again, and I saw the DC-9 moving fast toward the tanker. I made a complete stop. When I saw the aircraft wasn't stopping I tried to kick it in reverse, but by the time I put it in reverse the aircraft [had] struck the lift on the right side of the truck." The investigation revealed that the outer service roadway crossed the alleyway entrance between concourses A and B. Printed on the roadway in white letters was, "STOP FOR AIRCRAFT." According to airport operations personnel, a driver would not be expected to stop if no aircraft were present. Vehicle drivers were instructed that airplanes have the right of way. Additionally, the investigation revealed that the US Airways B737 parked adjacent to concourse A would have obstructed the fuel truck driver's view of the approaching DC-9, and the flight crew's view of the fuel truck, until the fuel truck had passed from behind the airplane. Visibility to the right was further restricted for the fuel truck driver by refueling hoses located to the right of the cab. At the time of the accident, the fuel truck had driven 150 feet ahead of the STOP FOR AIRCRAFT sign. The front wheels of the fuel truck (empty weight 42,000 pounds) were displaced 2 feet laterally to the left. Skid marks were found from the left main landing gear of the DC-9, which measured 47 feet. The ramp was dry. US Airways submitted calculation which indicated the airplane was traveling at 14.48 knots when the skid was initiated. The fuel truck was a 10,000 gallon capacity truck, which was carrying about 5,000 gallons of Jet-A at the time of the accident. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N927VJ](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N927VJ-2002-08-26), registration cancelled 2002-08-26, S/N 48154, built 1981 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Douglas DC-9-30 - Registry model: [Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-31](https://openairdocs.org/model/mcdonnell-douglas-dc-9-31) (registry code 302206A) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney JT8D-9 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-jt8d-9-series) (registry code 52048, turbo-jet) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 48154 - Airframe hours: 40700 - Engines: P&W JT8D-9A 14500 lbs thrust turbo fan - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 121 - Registered owner: Usair - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Transport - Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, August 28, 1998, 40 hours before - Departed: YOW, OTTAWA - Destination: PHL - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: PHL, Philadelphia Intl Arpt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 49; airline transport, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 19,500 total, 12,400 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 190° at 10 knots - Visibility: 9 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 6,000 ft broken - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 66 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: PHL ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19980902035299A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19980902035299A), Sep 2, 1998: Doug DC931, Philadelphia, PA, Substantial damage. On 09/02/98 @ approx. 1805 eastern daylight time, usairways flight 1722, a Douglas DC-9-31 registration N927VJ, landed at phl on rwy 27R. Phl tower cleared flt… ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 10, 1999, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=43830. 1.1 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 565 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440813&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Supplement E - Second Pilot Information (item 2, .PDF, 120 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440814&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20E%20-%20Second%20Pilot%20Information-Redacted.PDF - Supplement S - Aircraft Occupant and Injured Ground Personnel (item 3, .PDF, 69 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40105222&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20S%20-%20Aircraft%20Occupant%20and%20Injured%20Ground%20Personnel-Master.PDF - Flight Crew Statements (item 4, .PDF, 103 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440815&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Flight%20Crew%20Statements-Redacted.PDF - Fuel Truck Driver Statement (item 5, .PDF, 46 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440816&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Fuel%20Truck%20Driver%20Statement-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statement (item 6, .PDF, 38 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440817&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement-Redacted.PDF - Diagram of Accident Site (item 7, .PDF, 69 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40105227&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Diagram%20of%20Accident%20Site-Master.PDF - Email from US Airways and Airplane Speed Computation (item 8, .PDF, 112 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440818&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Email%20from%20US%20Airways%20and%20Airplane%20Speed%20Computation-Redacted.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.