# NTSB SEA02LA031: Mooney M20E, N38AJ, Glasgow, MT, January 19, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: January 19, 2002, 15:20 local (22:20 UTC) - Place: Glasgow, MT - Coordinates: 48.211666, -106.614997 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=48.2117&lon=-106.6150&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report April 8, 2003 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FAA Flight Standards District Office - NTSB case key (mKey): 54075 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=SEA02LA031 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/54075/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=54075 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA02LA031 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain adequate flying airspeed resulting in a stall/mush condition and loss of control at low altitude. A contributing factor was the pilot's distraction from flying the aircraft while attempting to retract the landing gear. ## Analysis The pilot initiated his takeoff on runway 12 in the Mooney M20E and rotated at 60-65 MPH. He then raised the manually operated landing gear but had difficulty securing the gear retraction handle in the down (gear up and locked) position. During this event he became distracted with securing the gear in the up and locked position and the aircraft transitioned to a nose high and slow airspeed condition. A witness observed the aircraft reaching no more than 40-50 feet in altitude and rolling left. The pilot recognized this condition and pitched the nose down to increase airspeed. The aircraft impacted off the left side of the runway with its right wing, skidding across the runway and coming to rest on the south side of the runway; and the right wing displayed aft and upward bending with 45 degree scratch markings on its underside. Post crash examination revealed the gear retracted but not in the up and locked position. Wings level stall speed for a takeoff flap setting (15 degrees) in the M20E was documented in the Owner's Manual as 64 MPH. ## Factual narrative On January 19, 2002, approximately 1520 mountain standard time, a Mooney M20E, N38AJ, registered to and operated by Valley Aviators, Inc., and being flown by a private pilot, was substantially damaged when it impacted terrain following a loss of control during the initial takeoff climb at the Glasgow International Airport, Glasgow, Montana. The pilot sustained minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan had been filed. The flight, which was personal, was operated under 14 CFR 91, and was local in nature. An inspector from the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Helena Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) examined the aircraft and accident site. He reported that the first evidence of ground impact was slightly north of the north edge of runway 12 and approximately 2,200 feet southeast of the runway threshold, and that the aircraft came to rest about 126 feet south of the south edge of runway 12 (refer to photograph 1). He also noted debris as well as scrape marks on runway 12 extending from the initial ground impact site and south-southwest towards the final resting place (refer to DIAGRAM I). The aircraft's right wing was observed deformed upward and aft, and the underside of the wing showed scratches oriented approximately 45 degrees to the chordline (refer to photograph 2). The inspector noted that the aircraft's landing gear lever was in the down (retracted) position but not locked and examination of the underside of the aircraft revealed that the right main landing gear was not fully retracted. In an interview with the inspector, the pilot reported that he was taking off from runway 12 and rotated approximately 60-65 miles per hour (MPH). He also reported that he was having difficulty in retracting the landing gear, i.e., stowing the gear retract handle in the down and locked position. He then became distracted with the gear retraction process and visually focused on the gear retraction handle between the two front seats. Shortly thereafter, he realized the aircraft had transitioned to a nose high and slow airspeed condition and he pitched the nose down to increase airspeed. He recalled seeing the ground through the windscreen and sensing a degradation of control effectiveness, but he did not hear the stall warning horn. The pilot also reported to the inspector that it was necessary to raise the landing gear prior to 81 MPH in order to fully retract the landing gear (and lock the gear retraction handle in the down position). A witness, who observed the aircraft during the takeoff reported that the aircraft climbed to an altitude of about 40-50 feet above ground and banked to the left before crashing (refer to ATTACHMENT W-I). The aircraft is equipped with a manual gear extension/retraction system (described in ATTACHMENT OM-I). The Owner's Manual for the Mooney M20E aircraft states that "...The more rapid the movement of the [gear retraction] handle, the easier it is to retract the gear. The gear retracts easiest at low airspeeds..." (refer to ATTACHMENT OM-I). The Owner's Manual also provides a chart showing stalls speeds as a function of angle of bank and flap position. The chart shows a stall speed of 64 MPH for 15 degrees of flap (takeoff setting) and zero degrees angle of bank. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, takeoff - initial climb - airspeed - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - diverted attention, pilot in command (contributing factor) - stall/mush - encountered, pilot in command - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Aircraft - Registration: [N38AJ](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N38AJ-2016-09-06), registration cancelled 2016-09-06, S/N 776, built 1965 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Mooney M20E - Registry model: [Mooney M20E](https://openairdocs.org/model/mooney-m20e) (registry code 5870212) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 SER A&C](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-ser-a-c) (registry code 41511, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 776 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-A1A 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Valley Aviators, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: GGW, Glasgow, MT - Airport: GGW, Wokal Field/Glasgow Intnl, runway 12, 5,001 × 100 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 47; injuries: minor; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review February 20, 2001; seat: left; flight hours: 598 total, 80 in this make and model, 506 as pilot in command ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 80° at 3 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,400 ft broken - Temperature: 30 °F, dew point 27 °F - Altimeter: 29.51 inHg - Observed at: GGW ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20020119002179A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20020119002179A), Jan 19, 2002: Mooney M20E, Glasgow, MT, No damage. (-23) The pilot stated he became distracted while stowing the gear handle in the gear up position, noted a nose high/slow airspeed attitude, and was unable to… ## Docket (6 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 23, 2002, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=54075. 1.0 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 329 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40380504&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Diagram I (item 2, .PDF, 44 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40173899&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Diagram%20I-Master.PDF - Attachment OM-I (item 3, .PDF, 78 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40173900&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Attachment%20OM-I-Master.PDF - Attachment W-I (item 4, .PDF, 44 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40380505&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Attachment%20W-I-Redacted.PDF - Photo 1. A view looking approximately northwest at the final resting place of N38AJ. No Negative. (item 5, .PDF, 267 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40173902&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201.%20%20A%20view%20looking%20approximately%20northwest%20at%20the%20final%20resting%20place%20of%20N38AJ.%20%20No%20Negative.-Master.PDF - Photo 2. A view looking approximately southeast showing the upward and aft deformation at the outboard right wing area. No Negative. (item 6, .PDF, 249 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40173903&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202.%20%20A%20view%20looking%20approximately%20southeast%20showing%20the%20upward%20and%20aft%20deformation%20at%20the%20outboard%20right%20wing%20area.%20%20No%20Negative.-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.