# NTSB SEA04LA052: Cessna 172N, N739HQ, Creswell, OR, March 21, 2004 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: March 21, 2004, 09:45 local (17:45 UTC) - Place: Creswell, OR - Coordinates: 42.938056, -123.992774 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.9381&lon=-123.9928&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report September 29, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FAA FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 58931 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=SEA04LA052 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/58931/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA04LA052 ## Probable cause The pilot's attempting takeoff with the fuel selector in the OFF position resulting in fuel starvation. Contributing factors were the change in habit pattern and expectancy of the fuel selector position as well as the fence and tree. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, takeoff - initial climb - fluid,fuel - starvation (cause) - habit interference, pilot in command (contributing factor) - fuel tank selector position - improper, pilot in command (cause) - expectancy, pilot in command (contributing factor) - Forced landing, emergency landing after takeoff - On ground/water collision with object, landing - roll - object - fence (contributing factor) - object - tree(s) (contributing factor) - terrain condition - ground ## Analysis At the completion of the flight immediately prior to the accident flight the pilot changed his habit pattern of 29 years and moved the fuel selector to the OFF position. The aircraft was equipped with a floor mounted fuel selector with 4 positions (OFF-LEFT-BOTH-RIGHT starting at the 6 o'clock position and moving counterclockwise respectively). Eight days later he took the plane out and relying only on tactile information ascertained the fuel selector in a fore-aft position assuming it was in the BOTH setting. The pilot physically but not visually verified the fuel selector in this position twice before taking off. Immediately after takeoff the engine stopped operating. A forced landing was accomplished during which the aircraft impacted a fence and a tree. The pilot reported that following the forced landing he placed the fuel selector in the OFF position. When the FAA inspector checked the aircraft following the accident he found the fuel selector in the "BOTH" position (12 o'clock position) as opposed to the "OFF" position (6 o'clock position). ## Factual narrative On March 21, 2004, approximately 0945 Pacific standard time, a Cessna 172N, N739HQ, registered to and being flown by a private pilot sustained substantial damage during a collision with trees/terrain during a forced landing following a complete loss of power on takeoff from the Creswell airport, Creswell, Oregon. The pilot and passenger were uninjured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan had been filed. The flight, which was personal, was operated under 14 CFR 91, and originated from Creswell immediately prior to the accident. The pilot reported that at the conclusion of the last flight previous to the accident flight, which took place on March 13, he parked his aircraft in a hangar and then shut the fuel off by turning the fuel selector valve in the aircraft to the "OFF" position (6 o'clock when viewed from overhead). He remarked that this was the first time in 29 years that he had shut the fuel off in the aircraft using the fuel selector. Eight days later he arrived at the hangar and began a pre-flight of the aircraft including a visual examination of fuel in the fuel tanks during which he fell off a ladder slightly injuring himself. He did not visually check the position of the fuel selector. The pilot and passenger boarded the aircraft, the engine was started and the pilot physically (but not visually) ensured that "...the fuel selector was in a fore and aft position...." The pilot also stopped his routine to correct the improper seat belt usage by the passenger. The engine was started and the aircraft was taxied to a location where an engine run-up was conducted. Following the run-up the pilot again physically checked the fuel selector in a fore-aft orientation and then the aircraft departed from runway 33. The pilot reported that the engine quit several hundred feet in the air and he maneuvered to the east for a forced landing in a field. During the landing roll the aircraft passed through a fence and then the left wing impacted a tree. The pilot reported to an inspector assigned to the Hillsboro Federal Aviation Administration's Flight Standards District Office that while climbing out through about 75 feet above ground immediately after taking off on runway 33 the engine abruptly quit. The pilot reported that following the forced landing he shut the fuel off and when the FAA inspector checked the aircraft following the accident he found the fuel in the "ON" position (12 o'clock position) as opposed to the "OFF" position (6 o'clock position). The passenger reported to the FAA inspector that the fuel selector was in the 6 o'clock position when the aircraft taxied out for takeoff. The inspector found both fuel tanks full. The fuel selector control is located on the cabin floor between the front right and left seats. Its' handle is relatively symmetrical in shape and rotates through 360 degrees (refer to Schematic I). ## Aircraft - Registration: [N739HQ](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N739HQ-2018-02-23), registration cancelled 2018-02-23, S/N 17270559, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172N - Registry model: [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n) (registry code 2072434) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17270559 - Airframe hours: 2230 - Engines: Lycoming O-360-A4M 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Oswalt, David - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 20, 2003, 44 hours before - Departed: 77S, Creswell, OR - Destination: 77S - Airport: 77S, Hobby Field ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 78; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review March 13, 2004; seat: left; flight hours: 535 total, 135 in this make and model, 4 in the last 90 days, 3 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 55 °F, dew point 43 °F - Altimeter: 30.15 inHg - Observed at: EUG, 15 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20040321004499A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20040321004499A), Mar 21, 2004: Cessna 172N, Creswell, OR, Substantial damage. (-23) Mr. Oswalt stated he was departing cresswell, OR. After liftoff the engine began to run rough and at approximately 75 feet the engine began to fail. Mr.… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.