# NTSB SEA94LA008: Cessna 172RG, N16ED, Corvallis, OR, October 5, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: October 5, 1993, 13:40 local (20:40 UTC) - Place: Corvallis, OR - Coordinates: 44.460487, -123.339744 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.4605&lon=-123.3397&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report October 20, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 41834 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=SEA94LA008 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/41834/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA008 ## Probable cause THE CFI'S INADEQUATE IN-FLIGHT PLANNING, AND HIS INADVERTENT GEAR-UP LANDING. FACTORS INCLUDE THE CFI'S DIVERTED ATTENTION. ## Analysis WHILE EXECUTING COMMERCIAL FLIGHT TRAINING MANEUVERS, THE CFI PULLED THE CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR THE LANDING GEAR. AT THE COMPLETION OF THESE MANEUVERS, THE CFI PULLED THE ENGINE TO IDLE TO SIMULATE AN ENGINE FAILURE. THE STUDENT THEN EXECUTED A FORCED LANDING, DURING WHICH THE GEAR HANDLE WAS PLACED IN THE DOWN POSITION. NEITHER PILOT REMEMBERED THAT THE LANDING GEAR CIRCUIT BREAKER HAD BEEN PULLED, AND THEREFORE THE GEAR DID NOT FULLY EXTEND, AND THE GEAR WARNING HORN DID NOT SOUND. THE CFI NOTICED THE GEAR WAS NOT FULLY EXTENDED JUST AS THE AIRCRAFT WAS TOUCHING DOWN ON THE RUNWAY, BUT THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT TIME FOR REMEDIAL ACTION. ## Factual narrative On Tuesday afternoon, October 5, 1993, at 1340 Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 172RG, N16ED, operated by Avia Flight Services, impacted the runway while landing at the Corvallis Municipal Airport, Corvallis, Oregon. There was no flight plan filed for the local training flight, which took off at 1225. The flight was conducted under 14 CFR 91 in visual meteorological conditions. The certified flight instructor and the commercial pilot were not injured in the accident. The aircraft was substantially damaged. There was no fire. Flight instructor Anderson reported that he pulled the landing gear circuit breaker to deactivate the warning horn while he was conducting training for commercial pilot Foster. He said that after finishing several training maneuvers, he reduced the throttle while over the airport to simulate an engine failure, and the commercial pilot initiated a forced landing to the runway. The landing gear handle was placed in the down position, but the gear did not fully extend. Just as the aircraft was touching down on the runway, the CFI noticed that the gear was not fully down, but there was not sufficient time for remedial action. The aircraft then impacted on the runway with the gear partially extended. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Gear not extended, landing - in-flight planning/decision - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - diverted attention, pilot in command(cfi) (contributing factor) - In flight collision with terrain/water, landing - flare/touchdown - wheels up landing - inadvertent, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) ## Aircraft - Registration: [N16ED](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N16ED), registered now, S/N 172RG1189, built 1985 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172RG - Registry model: [Cessna 172RG](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172rg) (registry code 2072438) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-360-A1D](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-360-a1d) (registry code 41504, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 172RG1189 - Airframe hours: 4207 - Engines: LYCOMING O-360-F1A6 reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Avia Flight Services - Registered owner: Pacific Rim Aviation - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, September 12, 1993, 39 hours before - Airport: CVO, Corvallis Municipal ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 27; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 1,946 total, 93 in this make and model, 1,846 as pilot in command, 318 in the last 90 days, 74 in the last 30 days, 7 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 320° at 13 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: CVO ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19931005037649A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19931005037649A), Oct 5, 1993: Cessna 172RG, Corvallis, OR, Substantial damage. CFI pulled gear circuit breaker and idled engine for simulated emergency. Put gear lever down. Landed gear up. ## Other investigations on N16ED (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB GAA22WA304](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA22WA304), Feb 12, 2022: Cessna 172RG (N16ED), Paderborn, Germany, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.