# NTSB SEA95LA033: Cessna 182, N9107X, Murphy, ID, December 28, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 27, 1994, 21:15 local (Dec 28, 1994, 04:15 UTC) - Place: Murphy, ID - Coordinates: 43.080863, -116.519104 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=43.0809&lon=-116.5191&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 2 serious - Status: Completed, report July 31, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 42096 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=SEA95LA033 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/42096/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA033 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN ALTITUDE/CLEARANCE FROM THE TERRAIN. FACTORS INCLUDE A DARK NIGHT AND A STRONG HEADWIND. ## Analysis AFTER THE COMPLETION OF AN AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE MISSION, THE PILOT WAS DESCENDING INTO THE AIRPORT OF ORIGINAL DEPARTURE. BECAUSE THIS WAS A DARK NIGHT, AND THERE WERE NO GROUND REFERENCES EXCEPT THE LIGHTS AT A MUNICIPAL BUILDING NEAR THE AIRPORT, THE PILOT USED A LORAN-BASED ALTITUDE/DISTANCE STEP-DOWN PROCEDURE TO MAINTAIN TERRAIN CLEARANCE DURING THE DESCENT. WHILE DESCENDING INTO A 40 KNOT HEADWIND, WITHOUT USING THE LANDING LIGHT, THE PILOT LOOKED INSIDE THE AIRCRAFT TO SET UP FOR THE LANDING. JUST AFTER HE LOOKED INSIDE, THE PASSENGER YELLED THAT THE LIGHTS NEAR THE AIRPORT HAD DISAPPEARED. ABOUT ONE SECOND LATER, AS BOTH THE PILOT AND PASSENGER WERE PULLING BACK ON THE YOKE, THE AIRCRAFT IMPACTED A RIDGE. ## Factual narrative On December 27, 1994, approximately 2115 mountain standard time (MST), a Cessna 182, N9107X, impacted the terrain during a VFR descent into Murphy Airport, Murphy, Idaho. The private pilot and his passenger received serious injuries, and the aircraft was destroyed by fire. The aerial observation flight, which was being conducted by the Owyhee County Sheriff, departed Murphy Airport about 2030 MST, and was returning to the airport in visual meteorological conditions. No flight plan had been filed, and there was no report of an ELT activation. According to the Sheriff's office, the pilot and his aerial observer were returning to the airport after participating in a search for a stolen vehicle. The pilot said that because it was a dark night, he had no outside visual reference information except the lights at the municipal building near the Murphy Airport. He said that as he descended toward Murphy Airport from the northeast, he used a loran-based altitude/distance step- down procedure to remain clear of the terrain. Just after the pilot looked inside the aircraft "...to set a descent to land," his passenger realized that the lights at Murphy were no longer visible. The passenger then yelled at the pilot, and both of them pulled back on the yoke. About one second later, the aircraft impacted a ridge. The pilot stated that he had successfully used the same descent profile many times before while descending into Murphy. He said that on this flight the only thing unusual was the dark night and an approximately 40 knot headwind the aircraft was descending into. The headwind was confirmed by the 35 to 40 knot difference between the aircraft's airspeed indicator and the ground speed indicated by the loran. The pilot also stated that the altimeter may have become stuck during the descent, but he did not know for sure if that had happened. He also said that except for a brief moment to check for precipitation, he did not use the landing light during the descent. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - altitude/clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - light condition - dark night (contributing factor) - weather condition - high wind (contributing factor) ## Aircraft - Registration: [N9107X](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N9107X-1996-04-17), registration cancelled 1996-04-17, S/N 18253507 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 182 - Registry model: [Cessna 182D](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182d) (registry code 2072710) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18253507 - Airframe hours: 4673 - Engines: CONTINENTAL O-470-L 235 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Aerial observation, Part 91 - Operator: Owyhee County Sheriff - Registered owner: Smith, C. & Nettleton, T. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, September 8, 1994, 50 hours before - Departed: 1U3, ID ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 55; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 135° at 30 knots, gusting 40 - Visibility: 30 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 8,000 ft overcast - Temperature: 34 °F ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19941227042979A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19941227042979A), Dec 27, 1994: Cessna 182D, Murphy, ID, Destroyed. Police 182 on final from search flight impacted unseen ridge. Used step down procedure but failed figure headwind. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.